Dificultades para la construcción de la ciudadanía en la sociedad de consumo

In a democratic society with a market economy, contradictions arise between the exercise of citizenship and the individual´s position as a consumer. The article attempts to resolve these contradictions by considering the rights and duties of citizens and the space between civil society and politics. Faced with the enshrinement of individuality characteristic of the ideology of the market, it will be necessary to strengthen the institution of citizenship as a practice in order to meet the challenges of truly securing the rights and duties of citizenship in the 21st century.En una sociedad democrática sumergida en una economía de mercado, asoman contradicciones entre el ejercicio de la ciudadanía y la posición del individuo como consumidor. En el artículo se tratan de resolver esas contradicciones abordando los derechos y deberes ciudadanos, y la distancia entre la sociedad civil y la política. Frente a la consagración de la individualidad propia de la ideología del mercado, debe potenciarse la institucionalización de la ciudadanía como práctica para afrontar los desafíos de una construcción verdadera de derechos y deberes en el siglo XXI

Impact of Artisanal Gold Mining in Community Conserved Areas with High Biodiversity Using a Multi-Criteria Approach: A Case Study in Colombia

Artisanal gold mining using mercury affects community agreements for the conservation of forests and lakes, which have a high level of biodiversity in Colombia. In this research, a Multi-Criteria Approach was applied to analyze the impact, based on the history of the community environmental agreements, the ecological importance, the results of mercury dispersion and the increase in deforestation. The MCA showed that the main impact is found within the criterion Social and armed conflict, and offers recommendations to reduce impact

Impact of Artisanal Gold Mining in Community Conserved Areas with High Biodiversity Using a Multi-Criteria Approach: A Case Study in Colombia

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) using mercury affects community agreements for the conservation of forests (CoS) and lakes (CoH), which have a high level of biodiversity in the Peasant Reserve Zone of the Cimitarra River Valley (ZRC-VRC) in Colombia. In this research, a multi-criteria approach (MCA) was applied to analyze the impact of ASGM. This analysis is based on the community environmental agreements to preserve CoS and CoH areas, the ecological importance of these areas, as well as the results of mercury dispersion in the Cimitarra river basin, with concentrations found 40 km downstream of the mining area of 0.09 µgTHg L−1 in the Cimitarra river, 0.07 µgTHg L−1 in the CoH, and 0.01 mgTHg kg−1 in the tissues of macrophytes, as well as the increase in deforestation since 2020 in the CoS, due to a 1.8% (990 ha) loss of forest cover, with 693 ha of the forest cover loss coinciding with areas related to the opening of new mines. The MCA showed that the main impact is found within the criterion Social and armed conflict, followed by Deforestation. This research offers recommendations to reduce impact scores, such as the implementation of a sustainable development plan (PDS) of the ZRC-VRC, and it highlights the urgent need to safeguard the community conservation areas

Severidade de lesões de língua em frangos de corte associada à qualidade do milho em rações

The objective of this work was to determine the correlation of the physical attributes of corn and the mycotoxins present in its grains with the severity of tongue lesions in broiler breeder roosters. The occurrence of the aflatoxin, vomitoxin, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and fumonisin mycotoxins was detected in the corn grains used in the feed formulation for breeder chickens. The percentages of moisture and broken grains were positively correlated (Pearson’s correlation) with the presence of aflatoxin. Milder lesions (grade 1) are positively correlated with aflatoxin and negatively correlated with fumonisin, and the most severe lesions (grade 3) are positively correlated with vomitoxin, fumonisin, and T-2 toxin.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a correlação entre os atributos físicos do milho e as micotoxinas presentes nos seus grãos com o grau de lesão de língua em galos reprodutores de corte. Verificou‑se a ocorrência das micotoxinas aflatoxina, vomitoxina, zearalenona, toxina T-2 e fumonisina em grãos de milho usados na formulação da ração das aves reprodutoras. Os percentuais de umidade e grãos quebrados foram positivamente correlacionados (correlação de Pearson) com a presença de aflatoxina. As lesões mais suaves (grau 1) correlacionam-se positivamente com aflatoxina e negativamente com fumonisina, e as mais severas (grau 3) estão positivamente correlacionadas com vomitoxina, fumonisina e toxina T-2

3D fluid-dynamic ovarian cancer model resembling systemic drug administration for efficacy assay.

Recently, 3D in vitro cancer models have become important alternatives to animal tests for establishing the efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this work, 3D SKOV-3 cell-laden alginate hydrogels were established as ovarian tumor models and cultured within a fluid-dynamic bioreactor (MIVO®) device able to mimic the capillary flow dynamics feeding the tumor. Cisplatin efficacy tests were performed within the device over time and compared with (i) the in vitro culture under static conditions and (ii) a xenograft mouse model with SKOV-3 cells, by monitoring and measuring cell proliferation or tumor regression, respectively, over time. After one week of treatment with 10 µM cisplatin, viability of cells within the 3D hydrogels cultured under static conditions remained above 80%. In contrast, the viability of cells within the 3D hydrogels cultured within dynamic MIVO® decreased by up to 50%, and very few proliferating Ki67-positive cells were observed through immunostaining. Analysis of drug diffusion, confirmed by computational analysis, explained that these results are due to different cisplatin diffusion mechanisms in the two culture conditions. Interestingly, the outcome of the drug efficacy test in the xenograft model was about 44% of tumor regression after 5 weeks, as predicted in a shorter time just in the fluid-dynamic in vitro tests carried out within MIVO® device. These results indicate that the in vivo-like dynamic environment provided by the MIVO® device allows to better model the 3D tumor environment and predict in vivo drug efficacy than a static in vitro model

State-of-the-art review of goat TSE in the European Union, with special emphasis on PRNP genetics and epidemiology

Scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. It is also the earliest known member in the family of diseases classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases, which includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and chronic wasting disease in cervids. The recent revelation of naturally occurring BSE in a goat has brought the issue of TSE in goats to the attention of the public. In contrast to scrapie, BSE presents a proven risk to humans. The risk of goat BSE, however, is difficult to evaluate, as our knowledge of TSE in goats is limited. Natural caprine scrapie has been discovered throughout Europe, with reported cases generally being greatest in countries with the highest goat populations. As with sheep scrapie, susceptibility and incubation period duration of goat scrapie are most likely controlled by the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP). Like the PRNP of sheep, the caprine PRNP shows significantly greater variability than that of cattle and humans. Although PRNP variability in goats differs from that observed in sheep, the two species share several identical alleles. Moreover, while the ARR allele associated with enhancing resistance in sheep is not present in the goat PRNP, there is evidence for the existence of other PrP variants related to resistance. This review presents the current knowledge of the epidemiology of caprine scrapie within the major European goat populations, and compiles the current data on genetic variability of PRNP

Requirement for digestible lysine in Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) with live weight between 500 and 600 g

The present study was carried out with the objective of determining the requirements for digestible lysine in Nile tilapia during the 500 to 600 g live weight stage. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were tested with increasing amounts of digestible lysine. L-lysine HCl (78%) were used to replace glutamic acid at increasing levels, resulting in treatments of 9.3, 12.3, 15.3, 18.3 and 21.3 g kg-1 of digestible lysine. Three hundred Nile tilapias with an average weight of 519 ± 27.23 g were used and distributed among 25 tanks. The physical and chemical parameters of the water were pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, conductivity and temperature. The mortality rate was registered daily. Two slaughters were performed at 28 and 50 days after the beginning of the experiment. It was estimated that an amount of 13.1 g kg-1 of digestible lysine was ideal for obtaining higher WG. Fish slaughtered after 50 days, the digestible lysine requirements were determined to be 14.5 g kg-1 for the lowest carcass humidity and 14.6 g kg-1 for the greatest carcass ethereal extract. Nile tilapias with live weight between 500 and 600 grams require 13.1 g kg-1 of digestible lysine in the diet for greater WG (90.53 g) and better FCR (2.55)

Adição da macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii em rações de frangos de corte na fase inicial

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutrient digestibility, zootechnical performance, and bone quality parameters of broilers fed a diet containing increasing levels of the macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii from one to 21 days of age. A total of 150 Cobb 500® broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, six replications, and five birds per replicate. The total excreta collection method was applied from the 15th and 20th day for the metabolism trial. The following bone quality parameters were assessed: the Seedor index, bone strength, and bone ashes. Dry ground macroalgae were added to the feed in the levels 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%; replacing the inert kaolin. Incorporation of Kappaphycus alvarezii did not influence performance parameters, bone quality parameters, or the coefficients of retention for bone ash and phosphorus. As for feed digestibility, decreases (p<0.05) were observed in apparent metabolizable energy and the coefficients of digestibility for dry matter, crude protein, and crude energy with the inclusion of algae. The algae Kappaphycus alvarezii shows potential as an additive in broiler feed, but a possible decrease in digestibility deserves consideration.Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o desempenho zootécnico e parâmetros de qualidade óssea de frangos de corte alimentados, de um a 21 dias de idade, com rações contendo níveis crescentes da macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii. O total de 150 frangos da linhagem Cobb 500® foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e cinco aves por repetição. O ensaio de metabolismo utilizado foi o de coleta total de excretas, do 15º ao 20º dia. Os parâmetros ósseos avaliados foram o índice de Seedor, resistência a quebra e cinzas ósseas. A macroalga seca e moída foi adicionada às rações de frango de corte nos valores de 0%, 0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5% e 2,0%; em substituição ao inerte caulim. A adição de Kappaphycus alvarezii não influenciou os parâmetros de desempenho, os parâmetros de qualidade óssea e os coeficientes de retenção de cinzas e do fósforo. Na avaliação da digestibilidade das rações foram observadas reduções (p<0,05) na energia metabolizável aparente e nos coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e da energia bruta com a inclusão da alga. A alga Kappaphycus alvarezii apresenta potencial como aditivo nas rações de frangos de corte, mas deve ser considerada a possível diminuição da digestibilidade da dieta

Low sequence diversity of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in wild deer and goat species from Spain

Abstract The first European cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in free-ranging reindeer and wild elk were confirmed in Norway in 2016 highlighting the urgent need to understand transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in the context of European deer species and the many individual populations throughout the European continent. The genetics of the prion protein gene (PRNP) are crucial in determining the relative susceptibility to TSEs. To establish PRNP gene sequence diversity for free-ranging ruminants in the Northeast of Spain, the open reading frame was sequenced in over 350 samples from five species: Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) and Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica). Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in red deer: a silent mutation at codon 136, and amino acid changes T98A and Q226E. Pyrenean chamois revealed a silent SNP at codon 38 and an allele with a single octapeptide-repeat deletion. No polymorphisms were found in roe deer, fallow deer and Iberian wild goat. This apparently low variability of the PRNP coding region sequences of four major species in Spain resembles previous findings for wild mammals, but implies that larger surveys will be necessary to find novel, low frequency PRNP gene alleles that may be utilized in CWD risk control