The Influence of Prior Military Service in Biasing Employee Selection

This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between conscious, social, and unconscious biases and the employment offer decision to add a new understanding of interviewer bias for or against military veterans by assessing the degree to which military service experience influences hiring managers’ selection decisions in U.S. organizations. The importance of this study is to add new practical and theoretical understanding to interviewer bias for this segment of the population. An experimental study was utilized for this research, which included a scenario-based experiment to investigate how different treatments, curriculum vitae (CV), influenced hiring managers’ employment offer outcomes. Specifically, this research sought to determine how CVs with the presence or absence of military service influenced a selection decision. ANOVA was utilized to test if the different treatment groups were statistically different from each other with regards to an employment offer decision (DV), and multi-group regression analysis was done using SEM PLS in the analyses of this study. Data revealed social biases were significant influences on hiring decisions where social peer pressure and conformity may result in participants offering socially desirable answers. Additionally, unconscious bias did not moderate the relationship between conscious and social bias, however, unconscious biases were discovered through the use of adapted conscious and social bias measurement scales for military veterans. Additional analysis of the conscious and social bias scales uncovered hidden biases that the IAT measure failed to reveal. It is anticipated that the results of this study will add new and fresh insights into the potential biases that military veterans encounter and will address an overarching issue of bias in the selection process

Gene expression changes of single skeletal muscle fibers in response to modulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) gene codifies for the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) channel responsible for mitochondrial Ca2 + uptake. Cytosolic Ca2 + transients are involved in sarcomere contraction through cycles of release and storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In addition cytosolic Ca2 + regulates various signaling cascades that eventually lead to gene expression reprogramming. Mitochondria are strategically placed in close contact with the ER/SR, thus cytosolic Ca2 + transients elicit large increases in the [Ca2 +] of the mitochondrial matrix ([Ca2 +]mt). Mitochondrial Ca2 + uptake regulates energy production and cell survival. In addition, we recently showed that MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca2 + uptake controls skeletal muscle trophism. In the same report, we dissected the effects of MCU-dependent mitochondrial Ca2 + uptake on gene expression through microarray gene expression analysis upon modulation of MCU expression by in vivo AAV infection. Analyses were performed on single skeletal muscle fibers at two time points (7 and 14 days post-AAV injection). Raw and normalized data are available on the GEO database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (GSE60931)

Improvement of biomethane potential of sewage sludge anaerobic co-digestion by addition of “sherry-wine” distillery wastewater

Co-digestion of sewage sludge (SS) with other unusually treated residues has been reported as an efficient method to improve biomethane production. In this work, Sherry-wine distillery wastewater (SWDW) has been proposed as co-substrate in order to increase biomethane production and as a breakthrough solution in the management of both types of waste. In order to achieve this goal, different SS:SW-DW mixtures were employed as substrates in Biomethane Potential (BMP) tests. The biodegradability and biomethane potential of each mixture was determined selecting the optimal co-substrate ratio. Results showed that the addition of SW-DW as a co-substrate improves the anaerobic digestion of SS in a proportionally way in terms of CODs and biomethane production The optimal co-substrates ratio was 50:50 of SS:SW-DW obtaining %VSremoval ¼ 54.5%; YCH4 ¼ 225.1 L CH4/kgsv or 154 L CH4/kgCODt and microbial population of 5.5 times higher than sole SS. In this case, %VSremoval ¼ 48.1%; YCH4 ¼ 183 L CH4/ kgsv or 135 L CH4/kgCODt. The modified Gompertz equation was used for the kinetic modelling of biogas production with successful fitting results (r2 ¼ 0.99). In this sense, at optimal conditions, the maximum productivity reached at an infinite digestion time was (YMAX CH4 ) ¼ 229 ± 5.0 NL/kgSV; the specific constant was K ¼ 25.0 ± 2.3 NL/kgSV$d and the lag phase time constant was (l) ¼ 2.49 ± 0.1

Passive smoking indicators in Italy: does the gross domestic product matter?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between regional values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and passive smoking in Italy. METHODS: The outcome measures were smoking ban respect in public places, workplaces and at home, derived from the PASSI surveillance for the period 2011⁻2017. The explanatory variable was GDP per capita. The statistical analysis was carried out using bivariate and linear regression analyses, taking into consideration two different periods, Years 2011⁻2014 and 2014⁻2017. RESULTS: GDP is showed to be positively correlated with smoking ban respect in public places (r = 0.779 p < 0.001; r = 0.723 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), as well as smoking ban respect in the workplace (r = 0.662 p = 0.001; r = 0.603 p = 0.004) and no smoking at home adherence (r = 0.424 p = 0.056; r = 0.362 p = 0.107). In multiple linear regression GDP is significantly associated to smoking ban respect in public places (adjusted β = 0.730 p < 0.001; β = 0.698 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), smoking ban in workplaces (adjusted β = 0.525 p = 0.020; β = 0.570 p = 0.009) and no smoking at home (adjusted β = 0.332 p = 0.070; β = 0.362 p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking ban is more respected in Regions with higher GDP. For a better health promotion, systematic vigilance and sanctions should be maintained and strengthened, particularly in regions with low compliance with smoking bans

Factores que predisponen los embarazos en las adolescentes

El presente trabajo ha sido realizado en el Hospital público, Teodoro J. Schestakow, ubicado en el departamento de San Rafael. Los datos para realizar la investigación se tomaron de las consultas al servicio de obstetricia de todas las adolescentes embarazadas de 12 a 19 años. Se indagó acerca de este fenómeno, que es claramente un problema social, ya que a afecta un considerable número de mujeres adolescentes. La sexualidad es una importante dimensión en la vida humana, fuente permanente en la gestión, comunicación, afecto y satisfacción, que influye de manera diferente en el modo y la forma en que se establezca. Sin embargo, los adolescentes no están preparados para asumir una relación responsable y llegan a esta sin haber adquirido los conocimientos y valores suficientes que le aseguren una vida equilibrada y responsable. Estos jóvenes son portadores de una conducta sexual de riesgo, promiscuidad o embarazos no deseados y por último propensos a las infecciones de transmisión sexual entre otras consecuencias, de hecho se convierten en personas inestables tanto emocional como sexualmente. La adolescencia se define como una etapa entre la niñez y la edad adulta que se inicia con cambios pubertades y se caracteriza por profundas transformaciones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales. Etapa que transcurre entre los 10 y 19 años, concretándose en tres etapas, adolescencia temprana, adolescencia media y adolescencia tardía. La maternidad adolescente, es cuando ésta se presenta en dichas etapas considerada también como maternidad precoz. Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad indagar sobre aspectos personales, generales y además sobre los conocimientos sexuales de cada adolescente encuestada. Los puntos principales versaron sobre su situación educativa, religión, estado civil, lugar de procedencia, dependencia económica, lugar de atención médica, edad de la primera regla y relación sexual y conocimientos de métodos anticonceptivos. El impacto del embarazo en la adolescencia es psicosocial y se traduce en deserción escolar en su gran mayoría, desempleo, fracaso en las relaciones de pareja, mayor cantidad de niños prematuros al nacer, bajo peso y/o desnutrición. En San Rafael el incremento del embarazo y partos en edades tempranas, demuestran una creciente evolución que pasa de un 21,9% del total de nacidos en el 2011, al 36,6% en el 2012, según estadísticas cedidas por el hospital Teodoro J. Schestakow, lo que demostró un aumento de un 14,7% a año terminado.Fil: Arana, Carina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Martínez, Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..Fil: Rosales, Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería.

Structure, activity regulation, and role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in health and disease

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake plays a pivotal role both in cell energy balance and in cell fate determination. Studies on the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in pathophysiology have been favored by the identification of the genes encoding the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its regulatory subunits. Thus, research carried on in the last years on one hand has determined the structure of the MCU complex and its regulation, on the other has uncovered the consequences of dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in cell and tissue homeostasis. Whether mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake can be exploited as a weapon to counteract cancer progression is debated. In this review, we summarize recent research on the molecular structure of the MCU, the regulatory mechanisms that control its activity and its relevance in pathophysiology, focusing in particular on its role in cancer progression

Asymmetric preparation of antifungal 1-(4 -chlorophenyl)-1-cyclopropyl methanol and 1-(4 -chlorophenyl)-2-phenylethanol. Study of the detoxification mechanism by Botrytis cinerea

Chiral alcohols are important as bioactive compounds or as precursors to such molecules. On the basis of the different antifungal properties of the enantiopure alcohol derivatives of 4-chlorophenyl cyclopropyl ketone and benzyl 4-chlorophenyl ketone, their enantioselective synthesis by chemical and biocatalytic methods was studied. The detoxification pathways by the phytopathogen fungus Botrytis cinerea are reported

Sodium content in commonly consumed foods and its contribution to the daily intake

Salt consumption in many countries of the world exceeds the level recommended by WHO (5 g/day), which is associated with negative effects on health. Public health strategies to achieve the WHO’s objectives include salt content monitoring, improved nutritional labelling and product reformulation. This study aimed to determine the sodium content in street food (SF), fast foods (FF) and artisanal foods (AF) of the Northwest of Argentina, which is not regulated. Moisture, ash and sodium were determined according to the Official Methods of Analysis (AOAC) in 189 samples from each of the three categories. The average and range values were: SF 520 (R: 74-932); FF 599 (R: 371-1093) and AF 575 (R: 152-1373) mg Na/100 g. Thus, general sodium content is high, which means that the consumption of a serving from most of the studied foods leads to an individual exceeding the recommended daily intake values. This study contributes to the knowledge of sodium content in evaluated foods and its contribution to the population intake. This reinforces the importance of implementing new public policies and regulations, advising consumers to check food nutritional labels andselect foods lower in salt content, raising food manufacturers’ awarenessabout the importance of reducing sodium content in foods they produce and in public health.Fil: Calliope, Sonia Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Saltajujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Tecnologias y Desarrollo Social Para El Noa.; ArgentinaFil: Samman, Norma Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentin

Botrylactone: new interest in an old moleculedreview of its absolute configuration and related compounds

The absolute configuration of botrylactone, a unique compound with an interesting polyketide lactone skeleton with two oxirane bridges previously isolated from Botrytis cinerea and described as a powerful antibiotic, has been reviewed on the basis of sign of the optical rotation, NOE experiments and NMR method. The isolation of 7-deoxybotrylactone and 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxydec-2(3)-enoyl) botrylactone enables us to characterize an intriguing new family of compounds with this interesting polyketide skeleton. A common biosynthetic origin with botcinin derivatives is proposed

Biomethane production improvement by enzymatic pretreatments and enhancers of sewage sludge anaerobic digestion

Enzymatic hydrolysis is recognised as an effective pre-treatment for increasing biodegradability of sludge. In this work, isolated commercial enzymes as well as in-situ enzymes producer bacteria were used respectively as enhancers and pre-treatments of sewage sludge. Biodegradability of sample as well as biomethane potential production were studied. Results showed that depuration efficiencies in terms of CODs (73.5-85.5 %) and TVS (28.5-42.7 %) were more than twice the control value. In addition, pre-treated samples as well as enhanced samples with enzymes generated more biomethane than control. The optimal ones, were those with the isolated proteases (P) and with bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis) treatment in-situ (F), producing a total volume of 72.4 ± 2.62 ml CH4 and 114 ml ± 0.46 CH4, respectively, increasing the biogas volume in 3.65 and 5.77 times respectively compared with control