La compraventa de agua de riego en el valle del Andarax (Almería) en los siglos XV y XVI

Sin resume

Rethinking the income inequality and financial development nexus. A study of nine OECD countries

Producción CientíficaSustainable finance seeks to increase the contribution of finance to sustainable and inclusive growth. The global financial crisis of 2008 provoked the return of inequality in advanced countries to levels typical of a century ago. The aim of this paper is to empirically analyze the relationship between finance and income inequality for a group of nine OECD countries over the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods (2000–2015). The model proposed in this study simultaneously considers two explanatory variables for measuring financial depth (credit provision and capital markets) and a new multidimensional variable to measure the financial system’s resilience (a composite indicator), and conducts panel data analysis. The empirical results confirm that in terms of financial depth, the "too much finance hypothesis" holds. We also find that financial system’s resilience helps alleviate existing income inequality and that income inequality appears higher in liberal market economies than in coordinated economies. These results encourage policymakers to look beyond traditional public redistribution interventions and to pay attention to other financial variables related to the financialization process, the behavior of financial intermediaries, and the specific environment in which they operate

Building up the Future of Colonoscopy – A Synergy between Clinicians and Computer Scientists

Recent advances in endoscopic technology have generated an increasing interest in strengthening the collaboration between clinicians and computers scientist to develop intelligent systems that can provide additional information to clinicians in the different stages of an intervention. The objective of this chapter is to identify clinical drawbacks of colonoscopy in order to define potential areas of collaboration. Once areas are defined, we present the challenges that colonoscopy images present in order computational methods to provide with meaningful output, including those related to image formation and acquisition, as they are proven to have an impact in the performance of an intelligent system. Finally, we also propose how to define validation frameworks in order to assess the performance of a given method, making an special emphasis on how databases should be created and annotated and which metrics should be used to evaluate systems correctly

La compraventa de agua de riego en el valle del Andarax (Almería) en los siglos XV y XVI

Sin resume

Improvement of electrocatalytic effect in voltammetric sensors based on phthalocyanines

Producción CientíficaVoltammetric sensors based on phthalocyanines have been used to detect a variety of compounds. In this paper, the state of the art of sensors prepared using classical techniques will be revised. Then, new strategies to improve the performance of the sensors will be described using as example sensors chemically modified with lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc2) dedicated to the detection of phenols of interest in the food industry. Classical LuPc2 carbon paste electrodes can detect phenols such as catechol, caffeic acid or pyrogallol with limits of detection in the range of 10-4–10-5 M. The performance can be improved by using nanostructured Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) or Layer by Layer (LbL) films. The enhanced surface to volume ratio produce an increase in the sensitivity of the sensors. Limits of detection of 10-5–10-7 M are attained, which are one order of magnitude lower than those obtained using conventional carbon paste electrodes. Moreover, these techniques can be used to coimmobilize two electrocatalytic materials in the same device. The limits of detection obtained in LB sensors combining LuPc2/AuNPs or LuPc2/CNT are further improved. Finally, the LB technique has been used to prepare biosensors where a phenol oxydase (such as tyrosinase or lacasse) is immobilized in a biomimetic environment that preserves the enzymatic activity. Moreover, LuPc2 can be co-immobilized with the enzyme in a lipidc film formed by arachidic acid (AA). LuPc2 can act as an electron mediator facilitating the electron transfer. These biomimetic sensors formed by LuPc2/AA/enzyme show Limits of detection of 10-8 M and an enhanced selectivity.CM-P agradece a la Universidad de Valladolid por su beca PIF-UVa y CG-H por su contrato pre-doctoral JCYL (BOCYL-D-24112015-9).Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad – FEDER (Grant CICYT AGL2012-33535)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA-032U13

Net Energy Metering: a Case Stydy in Spain

La generación distribuida y el autoconsumo contribuyen a sistemas energéticos sostenibles, abriendo nuevas oportunidades de empleo, seguridad financiera y una mayor liberalización del mercado de la electricidad. Net Energy Metering (NEM) puede, de manera decisiva, contribuir a hacer que estos objetivos sean factibles. El surgimiento, en los últimos años, de nuevos conceptos, desarrollos técnicos y sistemas puede conducir gradualmente a una evolución, desde la generación de electricidad tradicional, a un modelo en el que la generación de electricidad distribuida, principalmente para pequeñas instalaciones eléctricas, comienza a integrarse eficazmente en la red como un componente eficiente de la producción y la gestión. Un estudio de caso de una instalación -una instalación autosuficiente energéticamente de 2240 Wp en una vivienda unifamiliar en Burgos, España- se analiza en el contexto de la reciente legislación española, así como sus consecuencias económicas y energéticas tanto para el usuario individual como para la energía Sistema. Nuestro estudio hace referencia precisa a las directrices publicadas en la tan esperada legislación española en este ámbito

Maximum levels of global phylogenetic diversity efficiently capture plant services for humankind

The divergent nature of evolution suggests that securing the human benefits that are directly provided by biodiversity may require counting on disparate lineages of the Tree of Life. However, quantitative evidence supporting this claim is still tenuous. Here, we draw on a global review of plant-use records demonstrating that maximum levels of phylogenetic diversity capture significantly greater numbers of plant-use records than random selection of taxa. Our study establishes an empirical foundation that links evolutionary history to human wellbeing, and it will serve as a discussion baseline to promote better-grounded accounts of the services that are directly provided by biodiversity.Comunidad de MadridUniversidad de AlcaláConsejería de Ciencia, Universidades e Innovació

Perspectives of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Biological Agents in Non-Infectious Uveitis Treatment: A Review

Biological drugs, especially those targeting anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) molecule, have revolutionized the treatment of patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), a sight-threatening condition characterized by ocular inflammation that can lead to severe vision threatening and blindness. Adalimumab (ADA) and infliximab (IFX), the most widely used anti-TNF alpha drugs, have led to greater clinical benefits, but a significant fraction of patients with NIU do not respond to these drugs. The therapeutic outcome is closely related to systemic drug levels, which are influenced by several factors such as immunogenicity, concomitant treatment with immunomodulators, and genetic factors. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of drug and anti-drug antibody (ADAbs) levels is emerging as a resource to optimise biologic therapy by personalising treatment to bring and maintain drug concentration within the therapeutic range, especially in those patients where a clinical response is less than expected. Furthermore, some studies have described different genetic polymorphisms that may act as predictors of response to treatment with anti-TNF alpha agents in immune-mediated diseases and could be useful in personalising biologic treatment selection. This review is a compilation of the published evidence in NIU and in other immune-mediated diseases that support the usefulness of TDM and pharmacogenetics as a tool to guide clinicians' treatment decisions leading to better clinical outcomes. In addition, findings from preclinical and clinical studies, assessing the safety and efficacy of intravitreal administration of anti-TNF alpha agents in NIU are discussed

IAA : Información y actualidad astronómica (36)

Sumario : Púlsares: faros para navegantes cósmicos.-- Espectroscopía: leyendo entre líneas (II).-- Un universo acelerado.-- CIENCIA EN HISTORIAS. Margaret Burbidge.-- DECONSTRUCCIÓN Y otros ENSAYOS. Hola, soy Nikola.-- EL “MOBY DICK” DE... Cristina Rodríguez López (IAA-CSIC).-- ACTUALIDAD.-- ENTRE BASTIDORES.-- SALA LIMPIA.-- CIENCIA: PILARES E INCERTIDUMBRES. La Vía Láctea.-- AGENDA/RECOMENDADOS.--N