Разработка и исследование конструкции привода управляемого задерживающего устройства шароструйно-эжекторного бурового снаряда

В работе рассмотрены принципы шароструйного бурения, а так же устройство шаростуйно-эжекторного снаряда. Предложены варианты модернизации данного снаряда.In this paper, the principles of pellet impact drilling, as well as the construction of a pellet-ejector projectile, are considered. Variants of modernization of this projectile are offered

Examples of paired T2*-T1 non-concordance.

<p>Panel A: T2* and T1 map in a healthy volunteer. Panel B: T1 map and T2* map of two patients with normal T2* but low T1. Colour scale for T1 map is on top, for T2* map is at the bottom of the picture. Please note the blue shift of the myocardium in the T1 maps represented in panel B, compared to the healthy volunteer. Similarly, some pink areas may be spotted in the corresponding T2* maps, absent in the healthy volunteer. Nevertheless, dark blood T2* analysis performed with CMR Tools Thalassemia plug in gave normal results in both patients.</p

Baseline patient characteristics.

<p>Baseline patient characteristics.</p

Myocardial T2*—T1 mapping relationship in Thalassemia major.

<p>(B): log-log linear regression lines for T2*—T1 (here Dark Blood T2*—MOLLI) in three different T2* intervals (T2* <20ms, T2* = 20-30ms and T2* >30ms)<b>–</b>for >30ms, the regression line is not drawn as the p value is 0.38 (weak relationship). (A): On the Y-axis are represented the r2 values of the relationship between T2* and T1 (both after log transformation). Data are obtained for a 30 samples moving window, with steps of 1 sample at a time, smoothed by a low-pass filter of order 3. Afterward, a new equispaced series was generated by linear interpolation. The point, corresponding to T2* = 28.7ms, was the local maximum found by setting the first derivative equal to 0, immediately before a large variation of the determination coefficient. A rounded value of T2* = 30ms has then been used to delimit a T2* range of 20-30ms, with suspect mild iron accumulation.</p

T2* vs T1 in Thalassemia major patients.

<p>The dashed lines highlight the cut off points for T2* (here Dark Blood, conventionally 20ms) and T1 (MOLLI, 916ms, as calculated from the healthy volunteer cohort). Dots localised in the grey quadrants represents discordance. All subjects with a discordant classification (n = 62, 38% of the cohort) fall into the lower right panel, i.e. they are characterized by normal T2*(iron not present), low T1 (iron present). Thus, apparently, T2* fails to identify 2 out of every 3 patients with cardiac iron overload.</p

Examples of paired T1 mapping and corresponding T2* map.

<p>Panel A: T1 mapping, with colour scale bar on top. Panel B: T2* map, with colour scale bar below. In both panels, from left to right, data from a normal volunteer, a patient with mild iron overload, a patient with moderate iron overload and a patient with severe iron overload, are separately shown. Colour scale for T1 map is on top, for T2* map is at the bottom of the picture. Low T1, corresponding to iron, is represented in blue in the T1 maps, and low T2* is represented in pink-to-blue.</p

Iron Stores, Hepcidin, and Aortic Stiffness in Individuals with Hypertension

<div><p>Background & Aims</p><p>Iron accumulation within the arterial wall has been hypothesized to promote atherosclerosis progression. Aim of this study was to evaluate whether the hormone hepcidin and iron stores are associated with arterial stiffness in subjects with essential hypertension.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Circulating hepcidin, ferritin, and mutations in the hemochromatosis gene were compared between subjects included in the first vs. third tertile (n=284 each) of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) in an unselected cohort of patients with arterial hypertension.</p><p>Results</p><p>At univariate logistic regression analysis, high PWV was associated with higher ferritin levels (p=0.010), but lower hepcidin (p=0.045), and hepcidin ferritin/ratio (p<0.001). Hemochromatosis mutations predisposing to iron overload were associated with high PWV (p=0.025). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, high aortic stiffness was associated with older age, male sex, lower BMI, higher systolic blood pressure and heart rate, hyperferritinemia (OR 2.05, 95% c.i. 1.11-3.17 per log ng/ml; p=0.022), and lower circulating hepcidin concentration (OR 0.29, 95% c.i. 0.16-0.51 per log ng/ml; p<0.001). In subgroup analyses, high PWV was associated with indices of target organ damage, including micro-albuminuria (n=125, p=0.038), lower ejection fraction (n=175, p=0.031), cardiac diastolic dysfunction (p=0.004), and lower S wave peak systolic velocity (p<0.001). Ferritin was associated with cardiac diastolic dysfunction, independently of confounders (p=0.006).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In conclusion, hyperferritinemia is associated with high aortic stiffness and cardiac diastolic dysfunction, while low circulating hepcidin with high aortic stiffness.</p></div

Clinical features of 568 Italian patients with essential hypertension stratified according to common carotid arteries stiffness (third vs. first tertile).

<p>Data are shown as means±SD, prevalence (% value), median {interquartile range}, as required. CCA: common carotid arteries; PWV: pulse wave veIocity; IMT: intima-media thickness, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; bpm: beats per minute; IL18: interleukin-18, SAA: serum amyloid A protein, hs-CRP: high sensitivity C reactive protein. Comparisons were made by fitting data to logistic regression models. OR: odds ratio for high vs. low CCA stiffness; CI: confidence intervals.</p><p>*Adjusted for age and sex.</p><p>^Available in 175 individuals.</p><p>° per 1 log increase.</p><p>Clinical features of 568 Italian patients with essential hypertension stratified according to common carotid arteries stiffness (third vs. first tertile).</p

Iron status in 568 Italian patients with essential hypertension stratified according to common carotid arteries stiffness (third vs. first tertile).

<p>Data are shown as prevalence (% value), median {interquartile range}, as required. Comparisons were made by fitting data to logistic regression models. OR: odds ratio for high vs. low CCA stiffness; CI: confidence intervals.</p><p>* Adjusted for age and sex.</p><p>° per 1 log increase;</p><p>^ Defined as C282Y/C282Y, C282Y/H63D, or H63D/H63D vs. H63D/wild-type and wild-type/wild-type [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134635#pone.0134635.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>].</p><p>Iron status in 568 Italian patients with essential hypertension stratified according to common carotid arteries stiffness (third vs. first tertile).</p

Predictors of circulating hepcidin in 568 patients with arterial hypertension.

<p>Comparisons were made by fitting data to generalized linear models. OR: odds ratio; c.i.: confidence interval;</p><p>* Adjusted for serum ferritin.</p><p>We included variables available for all patients evaluated, when p≤0.10 for association with ferritin levels at univariate analysis.</p