Interim Financial Reporting in the Perspective of harmonization of the Romanian Accountancy with the International Financial Reporting Standards

The main objective of the interim financial reporting is to present, timely and regularly, information concerning the enterprise’s capacity to generate earnings and cash flows and its financial position and liquidity. International Accounting Standard 34 “Interim Financial Reporting” concerns the financial statements for an interim period. According to IAS 34, the interim financial report includes a complete or condensed set of financial statements, elaborated for a shorter period than a full financial year. The accounting policies for recognition and measurement should be applied in the same way as they are applied in the annual financial statements. However, the preparation of the interim reports requires a greater use of estimation methods; the measurement procedures should be designed to ensure the correctness of all the resulting information provided to the users.interim financial reporting, interim report, interim period, recognition, measurement

The Assessment of Hedge Effectiveness

Earnings volatility can be a significant source of concern for a company, putting pressure on its capital base and share price. Prudent management of the company’s exposure to different risks typically involves hedging solutions. Hedging is important for corporate risk management, involving reducing the exposure of the company to specific risks. The aim of this paper is to examine the basic requirements for assessing the hedge effectiveness, this being a vital stage in applying hedge accounting, that gives the possibility to assess if the companies match the timing of the gains and losses of hedged items and their hedging derivatives. The article identifies some difficulties encountered by companies and choices that they must make in assessing hedge effectiveness

EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND MONETARY POLICY

The current financial and economic crisis seems to be unprecendentely in the last half century. The economic downturn extented in the USA, Europe and Japan seems to be much more painful than the economic downturn in 1981-1982. A massive drop of confidence is under way, both across the business sector, and the consumers, both reacting by cutting costs. The U.S. Government and some governments in Europe, are trying to recover stability, and nationalized parts of their financial sectors to an extent that is in conflict with the modern capitalism basics. Today the entire world seems to change its direction, shaping its course to a period wherein the state role will be higher, and that of the private sector will be lower. This will be probably the most dramatic consequence of the current economic crisis.liquidity, inflation, financial-accounting reportings, fiscal policy, financial markets

IMPACT OF LUMP-SUM TAX IN ROMANIA

Any enterprise is willing to get a higher profit and when taxation is low and when this is higher. As a manager, you do not justify your presence in the top, if you do not want to maximize your business opportunities, and get as much as possible. Therefore, the new lump-sum tax introduced by means of the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 34/2009, from our point of view, it directly acts over the firms’ financing. The Government Emergency Ordinance no.34/ 2009 concerning the introduction of the lumpsum tax in Romania, the measures that restrict and remove costs that can be deductible in a firm’s accounting, as well as those related to the rise of the tax to be paid by microenterprises caused strong debates in the business environment, especially within small businessmen. Financiers could not mention how long the firms would pay the lump-sum tax, because according to economic forecasts, many of them will not succeed to outrun the crisis and forecast a gloomy period for Romania, especially when, according to deadlines in the ordinance, many measures will be maintained up to the end of the next year, that obviously indicates the date when the state authorities expect a modification of the situation.business environment, SME, income, tax, profit, turnover

Fiscal Policy during the current Crisis

Fiscal policy is an important government tool for managing the economy, having the ability to affect the total amount of output produced - GDP. Changes in the level and composition of government spending, taxation or other instruments of fiscal policy have impact on aggregate demand, the pattern of resource allocation, and the distribution of income. The article shows the mechanisms through which fiscal policy stabilizes the business cycle, and the specific requirements for fiscal policy during recession; the practical problems that may occur in implementing an effective fiscal policy are emphasized. Regarding the circumstances of the current financial and economic crises, the revival of the fiscal policy as a macroeconomic policy faces high expectations as to what it can accomplish. The paper highlights the composition of fiscal stimulus package, and reviews the specific fiscal stimulus plans adopted so far by different countries and their objectives. The final section contains an overview of the Romanian government response to the current crises, regarding fiscal policy. The conclusion is that Romania has conducted an inconsistent and ineffective fiscal policy, which has contributed to macro-economic and fiscal imbalances and to an increased fiscal pressure on business. Therefore, a medium-term fiscal framework has to be implemented, in order to ensure effectiveness and fiscal sustainability.fiscal policy, automatic stabilizers, discretionary fiscal policy, fiscal stimulus, government spending, taxation

Interim Financial Reporting in the Perspective of harmonization of the Romanian Accountancy with the International Financial Reporting Standards

The main objective of the interim financial reporting is to present, timely and regularly, information concerning the enterprise’s capacity to generate earnings and cash flows and its financial position and liquidity. International Accounting Standard 34 “Interim Financial Reporting” concerns the financial statements for an interim period. According to IAS 34, the interim financial report includes a complete or condensed set of financial statements, elaborated for a shorter period than a full financial year. The accounting policies for recognition and measurement should be applied in the same way as they are applied in the annual financial statements. However, the preparation of the interim reports requires a greater use of estimation methods; the measurement procedures should be designed to ensure the correctness of all the resulting information provided to the users

Interim Financial Reporting in the Perspective of harmonization of the Romanian Accountancy with the International Financial Reporting Standards

The main objective of the interim financial reporting is to present, timely and regularly, information concerning the enterprise’s capacity to generate earnings and cash flows and its financial position and liquidity. International Accounting Standard 34 “Interim Financial Reporting” concerns the financial statements for an interim period. According to IAS 34, the interim financial report includes a complete or condensed set of financial statements, elaborated for a shorter period than a full financial year. The accounting policies for recognition and measurement should be applied in the same way as they are applied in the annual financial statements. However, the preparation of the interim reports requires a greater use of estimation methods; the measurement procedures should be designed to ensure the correctness of all the resulting information provided to the users

Fiscal Policy during the current Crisis

Fiscal policy is an important government tool for managing the economy, having the ability to affect the total amount of output produced - GDP. Changes in the level and composition of government spending, taxation or other instruments of fiscal policy have impact on aggregate demand, the pattern of resource allocation, and the distribution of income. The article shows the mechanisms through which fiscal policy stabilizes the business cycle, and the specific requirements for fiscal policy during recession; the practical problems that may occur in implementing an effective fiscal policy are emphasized. Regarding the circumstances of the current financial and economic crises, the revival of the fiscal policy as a macroeconomic policy faces high expectations as to what it can accomplish. The paper highlights the composition of fiscal stimulus package, and reviews the specific fiscal stimulus plans adopted so far by different countries and their objectives. The final section contains an overview of the Romanian government response to the current crises, regarding fiscal policy. The conclusion is that Romania has conducted an inconsistent and ineffective fiscal policy, which has contributed to macro-economic and fiscal imbalances and to an increased fiscal pressure on business. Therefore, a medium-term fiscal framework has to be implemented, in order to ensure effectiveness and fiscal sustainability

Fiscal Policy during the current Crisis

Fiscal policy is an important government tool for managing the economy, having the ability to affect the total amount of output produced - GDP. Changes in the level and composition of government spending, taxation or other instruments of fiscal policy have impact on aggregate demand, the pattern of resource allocation, and the distribution of income. The article shows the mechanisms through which fiscal policy stabilizes the business cycle, and the specific requirements for fiscal policy during recession; the practical problems that may occur in implementing an effective fiscal policy are emphasized. Regarding the circumstances of the current financial and economic crises, the revival of the fiscal policy as a macroeconomic policy faces high expectations as to what it can accomplish. The paper highlights the composition of fiscal stimulus package, and reviews the specific fiscal stimulus plans adopted so far by different countries and their objectives. The final section contains an overview of the Romanian government response to the current crises, regarding fiscal policy. The conclusion is that Romania has conducted an inconsistent and ineffective fiscal policy, which has contributed to macro-economic and fiscal imbalances and to an increased fiscal pressure on business. Therefore, a medium-term fiscal framework has to be implemented, in order to ensure effectiveness and fiscal sustainability