Cercetări fiziologice privind influenţa stresului salin la unele populaţii locale de fasole(phaseolus vulgarisl.)

Saline stress affects seeds germination, reduces the chlorophyll content in the plant leaves and the photosynthesis activity, changes that have prompted the researchers around the world, also in Romania, to study this abiotic factor with interest.The success of the research could provide the extension of plant cultivation to areas affected by salinisation or as well as the possibility of using sea and ocean water, a vast resource, for irrigation of crops, and as a result, the increase in world biomass production.The present research investigated the influence of saline solutions (100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) on the chlorophyll pigments content in 10 local populations of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in pots, in greenhouse conditions. The main objective of this study was to identify the salinity tolerant genotypes, knowing that this attribute is also conferred by a high chlorophylls concentration. Also tolerant genotypes could be used in plant breeding, as these local populations are adapted to the environmental conditions of the NE of Romania

Research on the eco - physiological reaction of some vine varieties during the 2011 growing season in the Copou, Iasi area

Extreme weather events adversely affect the normal growth cycle of crops and productivity of agricultural systems. Recent research shows that the vine production efficiency could be reduced by abiotic stress represented by the drought, freezing temperatures and soil salinity. Various modern research projects aim to test models of abiotic stress resistance genes expression in order to discover the mechanisms of tolerance to stress and to stimulate understanding the genetic basis of this reaction, with implications for wine quality (Cramer, et al., 2005, Burzo I. şi colab., 1999, Jităreanu Carmen Doina şi colab., 2004). In this context, due to genotype - phenotype interrelations, phenotypic manifestations research (morpho-anatomical, physiological, biochemical and behavioral) related to resistance to stress abiotic vine from global warming is an urgent topicality. Water scarcity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors and is generally accompanied by heat stress. It inhibits photosynthesis by disrupting biochemical processes of synthesis of pigments from the reaction center (Bertamini et al., 2007, Guan et al, 2004) and the photobreathing protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photodegradation in drought conditions (Guan et al., 2004 ). In this paper we intended to study issues regarding the eco - physiological response to climatic conditions of 2011 of the following vine varieties: Gelu, Coarna Neagra, Moldova and Purpuriu. For this purpose, investigations regarding some indicators of the photosynthesis process were carried out: leaf morphogenesis – the leaf being the main organ of photosynthesis - and photosynthetic pigment content during growth and ripening processes of grains

The water regime of some grapevine varieties in the pedoclimatic conditions of 2011 in Iasi and Bujorul vineyards

Climatic changes, characterized by extreme meteorological conditions, influence especially growth and development of plants. The meteorological factors act restrictively on their biological cycle as well as on their productive potential. Referring to the grapevine, air temperature is the key factor that limits the areas where grapes can be cultivated, the beginning and the development of the vegetation phases, the production quantity as well as its quality. The research was focused on the effects of the meteorological conditions of 2011 on the plants’ water regime at the following grapevine varieties Fetească albă, Fetească regală, Riesling italian and Băbească gri cultivated in Iasi and Bujorul vineyards

Influenţa stresului salin asupra conţinutului de acid ascorbic (vitamina c) din fructele unor genotipuri de tomate din Nord-Estul României

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is an organic acid with antioxidant properties, involved in a number of processes taking place in living cells. Through their efforts to adapt to the saline stress, plants have to increase the antioxidant level by increasing, mainly, the ascorbic acid. The research was conducted under greenhouse condition. The biological material was represented by seven local tomatoes populations collected from areas with saline soils from Moldavia region and compared with commercial type salt-tolerant tomato.Tomato genotypes in the study were subjected to salt stress for a period of 30 days is constantly wetted with saline solution to a concentration of 100 mM and 200 mM.The content of vitamin C in fruit was determined by using the titrimetric method. The research on the vitamin C content from tomatoes fruit showed that, as the concentration saline increases, the concentration of ascorbic acid raises too

Physiological response to water and salt stress of some white lupine cultivars (Lupinus albus L.)

Currently in Europe is a tendency to counteract some negative effects caused by intensive agriculture. One of these effects, genetic erosion, is determined by the existence in the culture of a small number of species and, within them, a relatively small number of cultivars. White lupine, by its traits (high quality protein content, ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and to use low-phosphorus soils), could become very interesting species for farmers. The climate and edaphic changes, characterized by extreme temperatures, drought and saline soils represent a challenge for white lupine in extending surfaces. In this study, we observed the reaction of 34 white lupine cultivars to drought and soil salinity. Plants were grown in vegetation pots (type Mitscherlich) until flowering. Regarding drought resistance, quantified by the amount of biomass accumulation, stomatitis conductance and assimilatory pigments concentration in green house conditionswere measured. Increased resistance to drought was found in the romanian cultivars Satu Mare and Bihor. From the foreigner, P12159, Lublanc and Družba showed also resistance to dryness. NaCl excess in soil reduces vegetative growth because of lowering the amount of accumulated biomass and decreasing the chlorophyll concentration. Most of cultivars showed toxicity symptoms characterized by leaf chlorosis and necrosis