Technologies, infrastructures and migrations: material citizenship politics

This article aims to explore the multiple uses and consequences of different technologies and infrastructures in the context of migrations and how such uses and consequences inhabit and transform migrants’ rights and subjectivities. It reviews relevant literature at the intersection of citizenship, critical migration studies and science and technology studies (STS), focusing in particular on the current debates underway within critical citizenship studies that examine how technologies and infrastructures shape the ability to acts of citizenship. By mobilizing insights from STS, we focus on how these political subjectivities are shaped by certain sociomaterial and epistemic practices. By introducing the notion of material citizenship politics, the article outlines a way to differentiate three different constitutive forms between technologies, infrastructures and citizenship in migrations. Technologies and infrastructures can (1) constrain acts of citizenship in migration and border regimes; (2) constitute contestation and participation over citizenship; or (3) enable and shape alternative acts of citizenship in migration and border regimes. As it provides a theoretical background to the special issue, the article also serves as the introduction to the issue.This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Consolidation grant, agreement No. [648608]), within the project `EXCHANGE -Forensic geneticists and the transnational exchange of DNA data in the EU: Engaging science with social control, citizenship and democracy', led by Helena Machado and hosted at the Institute for Social Sciences of at the University of Minho, Portugal. Furthermore, this work is funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT/MEC) through national funds within the scope of the CES-SOC/UID/50012/2020 Strategic Project

O CONSUMO PROIBIDO: FATORES INFLUENCIADORES DO CONSUMO DE DROGAS

Este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa exploratória com universitários sobre a sua atitude em relação ao consumo da droga Cannabis Sativa. Após uma exploração qualitativa foi realizada coleta e análise de dados eminentemente quantitativa com teste de hipótese, análise fatorial, análise de regressão múltipla e análise de variância. No decorrer do artigo são apresentadas justifi cativas, suporte teórico, metodologia e análise de escalas e dados. Por fi m, são discutidos os resultados das análises que permitiram concluir que a atitude do usuário da droga pesquisada é predominantemente infl uenciada pelo afeto positivo. O componente cognitivo positivo da atitude de consumo da droga estudada foi representado por crenças como forma de escapismo, de relaxamento e distanciamento dos problemas. No que tange ao componente cognitivo negativo da atitude, este não infl uencia de modo signifi cativo a atitude com relação ao uso da droga. A consciência dos males a que estão sujeitos os indivíduos que fazem uso dessa substância tóxica não conduzem a uma mudança da atitude com relação à droga. Espera-se que esta e futuras pesquisas nessa linha venham a contribuir na melhor adequação de campanhas de conscientização ou outros esforços no sentido de combater o consumo dessa e outros tipos de drogas

Correspondence on “Clinical spectrum of MTOR-related hypomelanosis of Ito with neurodevelopmental abnormalities,” by Carmignac et al

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WHO Imunology Research and Training Centre em São Paulo, um marco na história da imunologia na América do Sul.

 In the early 60s the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized immunology as a good perspective for the control of infectious diseases, in terms of diagnostic and immun-ization. In 1963 a worldwide program has been established in order to improve immunology research by developing the Immunology Research and Training Centres (IRTC), one of which was inaugurated in São Paulo. This article aims to describe the context of creation of this cen-ter, its objectives and contents, target audience and activities. In addition, we intent to identify the main characters and their repercussion in the science and technology scenario. Method: A descriptive study using document research and interviews with former teachers and alumni of the São Paulo IRTC. Results: Initially installed at the Escola Paulista de Medicina in 1966, it was transferred to the Butantan Institute in 1969 where its activities have been held until 1987. These activities were based on the teaching-research binomial, with theoretical classes and laboratory practices. In the first ten years of its operation, São Paulo IRTC received 21 foreign teachers from 18 institutions of seven different countries. Conclusion: Between 1966 and 1983, at least 131 Brazilian and Latin American immunologists were trained. São Paulo IRCT con-tributed with the formation of researchers and the scientific development of immunology in Brazil and South America.No início da década de 1960 a Organização Mundial de Saúde reconhece no campo da imunologia uma perspectiva para o controle de doenças infectocontagiosas, no que diz respetio às áreas diagnóstica e de imunização. Em 1963 foi estabelecido um programa em escala mundial voltado ao desenvolvimento de pesquisas em imunologia com a formação de Centros de Pesquisa e Treinamento em Imunologia, entre estes estava o de São Paulo.  O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever o contexto de criação desse centro, seus objetivos e conteúdos, público-alvo e atividades, identificar os principais personagens e sua repercussão no cenário da ciência e tecnologia. Método: Estudo descritivo utilizando pesquisa documental e entrevistas com docente e ex-alunos do IRTC. Resultados: Inicialmente instalado na Escola Paulista de Medicina no ano de 1966, foi transferido para o Instituto Butantan em 1969 onde manteve suas atividades até 1987. Essas se assentavam no binômio ensino-pesquisa, com aulas teóricas e práticas laboratoriais. Nos dez primeiros anos de funcionamento foram recebidos 21 professores estrangeiros, de 18 instituições de sete países. Conclusão: Entre 1966 e 1983 formaram-se pelo menos 131 imunologistas brasileiros e latino americanos. Isto significou um importante aporte na formação de uma massa crítica para a consolidação desta disciplina no País e na América do Sul

Successful fiber sensing technologies and hot topics for the near future

Inside the Photonics field Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS) are currently being used and will still be used in the future in a wide number of applications because its properties present technical advantages over traditional techniques or, sometimes, is practically the only feasible solution. In this paper, the more successful techniques will be reviewed. Then a prospective for the near future of the market and hot topics in which invest research resources will be suggested

The zCOSMOS 10k-Bright Spectroscopic Sample

We present spectroscopic redshifts of a large sample of galaxies with I_(AB) < 22.5 in the COSMOS field, measured from spectra of 10,644 objects that have been obtained in the first two years of observations in the zCOSMOS-bright redshift survey. These include a statistically complete subset of 10,109 objects. The average accuracy of individual redshifts is 110 km s^(–1), independent of redshift. The reliability of individual redshifts is described by a Confidence Class that has been empirically calibrated through repeat spectroscopic observations of over 600 galaxies. There is very good agreement between spectroscopic and photometric redshifts for the most secure Confidence Classes. For the less secure Confidence Classes, there is a good correspondence between the fraction of objects with a consistent photometric redshift and the spectroscopic repeatability, suggesting that the photometric redshifts can be used to indicate which of the less secure spectroscopic redshifts are likely right and which are probably wrong, and to give an indication of the nature of objects for which we failed to determine a redshift. Using this approach, we can construct a spectroscopic sample that is 99% reliable and which is 88% complete in the sample as a whole, and 95% complete in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 0.8. The luminosity and mass completeness levels of the zCOSMOS-bright sample of galaxies is also discussed

The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey : baryon acoustic oscillations in the Data Releases 10 and 11 Galaxy samples

We present a one per cent measurement of the cosmic distance scale from the detections of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the clustering of galaxies from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, which is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. Our results come from the Data Release 11 (DR11) sample, containing nearly one million galaxies and covering approximately 8500 square degrees and the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.7. We also compare these results with those from the publicly released DR9 and DR10 samples. Assuming a concordance Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model, the DR11 sample covers a volume of 13 Gpc3 and is the largest region of the Universe ever surveyed at this density. We measure the correlation function and power spectrum, including density-field reconstruction of the BAO feature. The acoustic features are detected at a significance of over 7σ in both the correlation function and power spectrum. Fitting for the position of the acoustic features measures the distance relative to the sound horizon at the drag epoch, rd, which has a value of rd,fid = 149.28 Mpc in our fiducial cosmology. We find DV = (1264 ± 25 Mpc)(rd/rd,fid) at z = 0.32 and DV = (2056 ± 20 Mpc)(rd/rd,fid) at z = 0.57. At 1.0 per cent, this latter measure is the most precise distance constraint ever obtained from a galaxy survey. Separating the clustering along and transverse to the line of sight yields measurements at z = 0.57 of DA = (1421 ± 20 Mpc)(rd/rd,fid) and H = (96.8 ± 3.4 km s−1 Mpc−1)(rd,fid/rd). Our measurements of the distance scale are in good agreement with previous BAO measurements and with the predictions from cosmic microwave background data for a spatially flat CDM model with a cosmological constant.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Qualidade de vida e saúde do caminhoneiro: interprofissionalidade em foco: Quality of life and health of the truck driver: interprofessionality in focus

O estilo de vida contemporâneo impacta negativamente na saúde e no bem-estar da população. Visto que se associa ao sedentarismo e aumento da ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados. Neste âmbito, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil nutricional de trabalhadores de estrada e destacar a importância do acompanhamento multiprofissional, além de mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, com ênfase na promoção de saúde e bem-estar desta população. Foi aplicado um questionário e medidos peso, altura e circunferência abdominal, sendo então, calculados e classificados o Índice de Massa Corporal de cada indivíduo, aferição de pressão arterial e realização de hemoglicoteste. Sendo classificados e associados ao risco de desenvolver determinadas patologias de acordo com a preconização indicada para cada área. Diante os dados coletados, a classificação de sobrepeso se tornou de maior prevalência dentre esta população, além de risco muito elevado para desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares, segundo os pontos de corte de circunferência abdominal, hipertensão arterial e maior indicativo de percentual a desenvolver diabetes mellitus. Portanto, acesso à informação e tratamento adequados, podem ser fatores predisponentes a melhorias do quadro em questão

Sex-Specific Effects of Adiponectin on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Background-Plasma adiponectin levels have previously been inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, we used a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization approach to investigate whether adiponectin has a causal protective influence on IMT. Methods and Results-Baseline plasma adiponectin concentrationwas tested for association with baseline IMT, IMT progression over 30 months, and occurrence of cardiovascular events within 3 years in 3430 participants (women, n=1777; men, n=1653) with high cardiovascular risk but no prevalent disease. Plasma adiponectin levels were inversely associated with baseline mean bifurcation IMT after adjustment for established risk factors (beta=-0.018, Pless than0.001) in men but not in women (beta=-0.006, P=0.185; P for interaction=0.061). Adiponectin levels were inversely associated with progression of mean common carotid IMT in men (beta=-0.0022, P=0.047), whereas no association was seen in women (0.0007, P=0.475; P for interaction=0.018). Moreover, we observed that adiponectin levels were inversely associated with coronary events in women (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.87) but not in men (hazard ratio 0.82,95% CI0.54 to 1.25). Agenescore of adiponectin-raisingalleles in6loci, reported recently inalarge multi-ethnic metaanalysis, was inversely associated with baseline mean bifurcation IMT in men (beta=-0.0008, P=0.004) but not in women (beta=-0.0003, P=0.522; P for interaction=0.007). Conclusions-This report provides some evidence for adiponectin protecting against atherosclerosis, with effects being confined to men; however, compared with established cardiovascular risk factors, the effect of plasma adiponectin was modest. Further investigation involving mechanistic studies is warranted.Funding Agencies|European Commission [QLG1-CT-2002-00896]; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Research Council [8691, 0593]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Foundation for Strategic Research; Stockholm County Council [592229]; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm County Council; European Union Framework Programme 7 for the Innovative Medicine Initiative [IMI/115006]; Academy of Finland [110413]; British Heart Foundation [RG2008/08, RG2008/014]; Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente); Uppsala University; Uppsala University Hospital; Swedish Research Council for Infrastructures; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [20120600, 20130399]; Tore Nilsson foundation; Gamla Tjanarinnor foundation; Thurings foundation; Stiftelsen for Gamla Tjanarinnor; Ake Wiberg foundation; Tore Nilssons foundation; Magnus Bergvall Foundation; Foundation for Old Servants; Ministry of Education and Culture in Finland; Vasterbotten County Council; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; National Excellence Program [TAMOP 4.2.4.A/1-11-1-2012-0001]; European Union; European Social Fund; UK Medical Research Council [K013351]; Economic and Social Research Council; Academy of Finland; University College London Genetics Institute</p

Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and response to glucose-lowering treatments. A multicenter retrospective study in Italian specialist care

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is becoming the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. We estimated MAFLD prevalence among patients with T2D using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and validated it against liver ultrasound. We also examined whether glucose-lowering medications (GLM) beneficially affected HSI