Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Criminalidade, violência e justiça na Vila de Tamanduá: A reconstrução de estatísticas criminais do Império à República

Resumo O artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados consolidados do mapeamento da criminalidade e da justiça ao longo do século XIX até os anos 30 do século XX na região da antiga Comarca do Rio das Mortes, Minas Gerais. Com a reconstrução de taxas de criminalidade comparáveis e seu mapeamento num período dilatado pudemos acompanhar as transformações da justiça e das agências de controle e seus impactos na conflitualidade, nos usos da violência e negociação da ordem. Os dados aqui analisados correspondem ao recorte territorial da antiga vila de Tamanduá, mais tarde município de Itapecerica, e seus desmembramentos, contendo 1133 processos judiciais entre os anos de 1829 e 1930. Os resultados demonstram um aumento exponencial dos crimes violentos a partir da última década do século XIX. Ainda que não conclusiva, a hipótese explicativa recai sobre o processo de desestruturação do sistema de justiça com o advento da República

Crime and Violence in Brazilian History

This article analyses the methodological problems inherent in reconstructing criminal statistics over time and presents findings in relation to crime trends in Minas Gerais (Brazil) between 1830 and 1929. The first part of the article presents an overview of current work on the reconstruction of crime trends in Brazil and its relevance to the social history of violence and crime. In the following two sections, the problems and methodological solutions that made it possible to analyse a database built from crime registers are discussed. Census data is used to calculate trends over time. Finally, several hypotheses about the analysis of the data are put forward.Cet article analyse les problèmes méthodologiques inhérents à la reconstitution des statistiques criminelles longitudinales et présente des résultats relatifs à l’évolution de la criminalité dans le Minas Gerais (Brésil) entre 1830 et 1929. La première partie présente un aperçu des travaux actuels sur la constitution de séries statistiques retraçant les évolutions de la criminalité au Brésil. Leur pertinence pour l’histoire sociale de la violence et de la criminalité est interrogée. Dans les deux sections suivantes, les problèmes et les solutions méthodologiques qui ont permis d’analyser une base de données constituée à partir des données pénales sont examinés. Les recensements de population sont utilisés pour calculer des évolutions longitudinales. Enfin, plusieurs hypothèses relatives à l’analyse de données sont avancées

Criminality, Violence and Justice in Tamaduá Village, Brazil: The Reconstruction of Criminal Statistics from the Empire to the Republic

<p></p><p>Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the first results of the crime and justice mapping research in the nineteenth century and the first three decades of the twentieth century Minas Gerais, more specifically the region of Comarca do Rio das Mortes. The estimation of crime rates over the one century period, associated with the analysis of its geographical distribution, allowed us to observe changes occurred in the application of justice and in its control agencies, as well as the impact of changes over conflicts, violence and order negotiation. The data analysed in this paper is about the area of the old town of Tamanduá, now called Itapecerica, and its surroundings, with a total of 1133 criminal cases occurred between 1829 and 1930. The results show an exponential increase in the number of violent cases starting from the last decade of the nineteenth century. In an attempt to explain this change in the trend we work with a hypothesis of a collapse of the justice system with the implementation of the Republic.</p><p></p

Imigração e família em Minas Gerais no final do século XIX Immigration and family in Minas Gerais at the end of the 19th century

Em fins do século XIX e princípios do século XX os fluxos migratórios atingiram proporções significativas em Minas Gerais, especialmente graças à construção de Belo Horizonte e à expansão da lavoura cafeeira na região sul e na Zona da Mata. A partir dos registros da Hospedaria Horta Barbosa, em Juiz de Fora, no ano de 1896, apresentam-se algumas características desses contingentes: sua composição etária e sua origem, bem como a composição dos grupos familiares que migravam. A julgar pelo perfil encontrado nesse ano, os imigrantes que estavam se dirigindo para Minas Gerais ajustavam-se ao padrão da imigração subsidiada, com predomínio dos grupos familiares. O perfil etário e o de sexo diferenciam-se do perfil clássico dos migrantes, no qual predominam os homens jovens.At the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, the migratory flows to Minas Gerais assumed massive proportions, especially as a result of the construction of Belo Horizonte and of the expansion of the coffee industry in the South region of the state and Zona da Mata. The Registers of the Horta Barbosa Inn, in Juiz de Fora in 1896, reveal some characteristics of this contingent: age composition, origin, and characteristics of migrating family groups. Judging from the profile found in 1896, the immigrants coming to Minas Gerais were mostly of the subsidized immigration type, therefore formed mostly by family groups. Age and sex profiles have been found to differ from the classic profile of the migrant, a contingent formed mainly by young men