Massive right hemothorax as the source of hemorrhagic shock after laparoscopic cholecystectomy - case report of a rare intraoperative complication

A 62-year old man was referred to our institution in hemorrhagic shock after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, performed at an outside hospital. A chest X-ray revealed a right-sided massive pleural effusion. Urgent surgical exploration was performed through a video-assisted mini-thoracotomy which revealed active bleeding from a pleural adherence. Successful hemostasis was achieved intraoperatively and the patient had an uneventful recovery. In absence of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, a hemothorax should be considered as a potential source of major bleeding in patients who develop symptoms of hypovolemia after laparoscopic surgery

Cystic fibrohistiocytic tumor of the lung presenting as a solitary lesion

Cystic fibrohistiocytic tumor of the lung is a rare neoplasm. In many cases it represents a metastasis from a benign or low-grade fibrohistiocytic tumor of the skin, but occasionally it may be primary. Radiologically it usually occurs as a cystic change of multiple pulmonary nodules, and pneumothorax is the most frequent presenting symptom. We present here a 16-year-old man with recurrent right pneumothorax. The patient had no history of cutaneous fibrohistiocytic lesions. He underwent videothoracoscopic right apical segmentectomy, right lower lobe nodulectomy, and pleuroabrasion. Microscopy of the apical segmentectomy showed a cystic fibrohistiocytic tumor, whereas the nodule of the lower lobe was an intraparenchymal lymph node. The patient is alive with no tumor recurrence. The differential diagnosis includes Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pleuropulmonary blastoma, and metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma. This disease usually occurs with multiple pulmonary cysts and cavitation. This case is the first reported presenting as a single lesion

Long term functional results after diaphragmatic surgery for eventration or rupture

Obbiettivo. Analizzare la funzionalità polmonare e diaframmatica dopo interventi di plicatura del diaframma con rete di rinforzo peri-costale eseguiti per relaxatio e riparazione di ernia transdiaframmatica cronica mediante riduzione e sutura diretta. Metodi. Dal 1996 al 2010, 10 pazienti con relaxatio unilaterale del diaframma e 6 pazienti con ernia transdiaframmatica cronica misconosciuta sono stati sottoposti a chirurgia elettiva. Gli accertamenti preoperatori e al follow-up di 12 mesi includevano prove di funzionalità respiratoria, misura della pressione massimale inspiratoria alla bocca in clino e ortostatismo, emogasanlisi, TC del torace e dispnea score. Risultati. I pazienti dei due gruppi non differivano in termini di funzionalità respiratoria preoperatoria nè di complicanze postoperatorie; al follow-up a 12 mesi il gruppo Eventrazione mostrava un significativo aumento del FEV1% (+18,2 – p<0.001), FVC% (+12,8 – p<0.001), DLCO% (+6,84 – p=0,04) e pO2 (+9,8 mmHg – p<0.001). Al contrario nrl gruppo Ernia solo il miglioramento della pO2 era significativo (+8.3 – p=0.04). Sebbene la massima pressione inspiratoria (PImax) fosse aumentata in entrambi i gruppi al follow-up, i pazienti operati per ernia mostravano un miglioramento limitato con persistente caduta significativa della PImax dall’ortostatismo al clinostatismo (p<0.001). Il Transitional dyspnoea score è stato concordante con tali miglioramenti pur senza differenze significative tra i due gruppi. La TC del torace ha evidenziato una sopraelevazione dell’emidiaframma suturato, senza recidiva di ernia, mentre i pazienti sottoposti a plicatura hanno mantenuto l’ipercorrezione. Conclusioni. L’utilizzo di un rinforzo protesico è sicuro e sembra assicurare risultati funzionali migliori a distanza in termini di flussi respiratori e di movimento paradosso del diaframma (valutato mediante PImax). Lacerazioni estese del diaframma coinvolgenti le branche principali di suddivisione del nervo frenico si associano verosimilmente a una relaxatio che può quindi ridurre il guadagno funzionale a lungo termine se non adeguatamente trattata mediante l’utilizzo di un rinforzo protesico.Objectives. To assess pulmonary and diaphragmatic function after diaphragmatic plication re-enforced by pericostal fixed mesh for eventration and repair of diaphragmatic hernia through reduction and direct suture. Methods. From 1996 to 2010, 10 patients with unilateral eventration and 6 patients with misunderstood chronic trans-diaphragmatic hernia underwent elective surgery. Preoperative and 12 months follow-up assessment included pulmonary function tests, measure of maximum inspiratory pressure in clino- and orthostasis, blood gas analysis, chest-CT scan and dyspnoea score. Results. Patients of the two groups did not differ in terms of preoperative lung function nor postoperative complications or in-hospital stay; at follow-up of 12 months, Eventration group showed significant improvement of FEV1% (+18,2 – p<0.001), FVC% (+12,8 – p<0.001), DLCO% (+6,84 – p=0,04) and pO2 (+9,8 mmHg – p<0.001). Conversely in Hernia group only pO2 gain was significant (+8.3 – p=0.04). Although Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) increased in both groups at follow-up, patients operated for hernia showed minor improvement with persistent significant fall of MIP passing from orthostasis to clinostasis (p<0.001). Transitional dyspnoea score reflected such improvements but no differences were found in gain between the two groups. CT-scan showed a slight elevation of diaphragm in patients operated for diaphragmatic laceration, even without recurrent hernia, while patients operated for eventration maintained postoperative ipercorrection. Conclusions. The use of prosthetic reinforcement after diaphragmatic surgery is safe and seems to ensure better and more stable results either in terms of pulmonary flows and paradoxical diaphragmatic movement (assessed through maximum inspiratory pressure) in patients operated for eventration. Large diaphragmatic tearings involving main branches of phrenic nerve are likely to cause diaphragm denervation; consequent underlying eventration may therefore impair postoperative functional results at long term follow-up if not adequately treated with prosthetic reinforcement as usual in our Institution for pure eventration