Seroprevalence of Anti-Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies among Patients from a Tertiary Hospital from Northeast Romania

Background and Objectives. Being an enterically transmitted pathogen with a growing prevalence in developed countries, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection remains an underdiagnosed disease in Eastern Europe. As far as Romania is concerned, only a few studies address this issue. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of serum anti-HEV IgA/IgM/IgG antibodies in a group of patients admitted to the Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases “St. Parascheva” Iasi. Materials and Methods. The cross-sectional study consisted of enrollment of 98 patients admitted to the clinic for COVID-19 over a period of three months in 2020. Results. The median age in our study was 73 years, with an equal gender ratio and with a predominance of people from the urban environment (75%). The overall HEV antibody seroprevalence was 12.2%. The main risk factors associated with HEV infection were consumption of water from unsafe sources (58.3% HEV-positive patients vs. 26.7% HEV-negative patients, p = 0.026) and improperly cooked meat (58.3% HEV-positive patients vs. 23.2% HEV-negative patients, p = 0.01). Zoonotic transmission was an important criterion in our study, with patients reporting contact with pigs, poultry, rats, or other farms animals, but no significant differences were found between HEV antibody positive and negative groups. Conclusions. The seroprevalence rate of HEV antibodies was similar to other previous reports from our area but higher than in most European countries. The fact that HEV antibodies were detected in patients without identifiable risk factors for hepatitis E is evidence of subclinical infection as a silent threat

SURGICAL TREATMENT PRINCIPLES IN PERIAPICAL ENDODONTIC PATHOLOGY

The fact that apical periodontitis is one of the most thorny problems of endodontic therapy, determine sus to consider it necessary to understand some aspects of diagnosis in order to achieve the procedures that have the greatest chances of maintaining the pulp and periapical affected teeth. Incorrectly treated pulp infections will cause complications in apical periodontium which is located below the tooth. The microbes present in the infected pulp can diffuse into surrounding tissues through the hole at the tip of the root (called apex) causing acute or chronic infections. Apical periodontitis are most often complications of the pulp gangrene, which is an important factor of infection, able to maintain remote illnesses (nephritis, myocarditis, endocarditis, rheumatic diseases). Material and method: The study carried out in order to achieve the proposed objectives included a total of 191 patients solved in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic (Ambulator), from the University Polyclinic of the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iaşi, between 1.01.2014-01.12.2018. Results and discussions: Since the main cause of periapical inflammation is of an endodontic nature, surgical treatment can not be considered as the first choice because it does not debride the root canal, as it is the endodontic therapy. Periapical surgery should never be performed before conventional non-surgical canal treatment has been performed. Conclusions: The major indication of apical resection is found at the level of the frontal teeth group, especially the central incisors. These teeth, due to endodontic characteristics, are well suited to conservative endodontic treatment. The need for surgery is probably the result of a failure of conservative treatment, a technical mistake, or the convenience of a practitioner who prefers to resort to surgery before even tending conservative treatment

GIANT PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF THE SALIVARY GLAND – CASE REPORT

Salivary gland pathology is a main issue in maxillofacial surgery. Pleomorphic adenoma or mixed tumor is the most common type of salivary gland tumor, representing almost two thirds, 85% involving parotid gland. This benign tumor with slow and continous, asymptomatic growth can sometimes reach an enormous size. Practitioners must consider the semnificative risk of malignant transformation, especially in tumors with long time evolution, and also the possibility of postoperative recurrence. We present a case of giant pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland in a 92-year-old woman with a history of more than 20 years. Clinical examination revealed a giant mass on the right side of the face, without any signs of facial nerve damage. The tumor was completely removed by total parotidectomy and preservation of the facial nerve. The tumor measured 15/9/8 cm and weighed 530 g. Histopathologic examination showed a predominat myoepithelial component and schwanom-like areas and no evidence of malignant transformation. Postoperative evolution was favorable, with excellent functional and aesthetic results

ASEPSY AND ANTISEPSY IN DENTO-ALVEOLAR SURGERY

The human body is a wonderful work of balance, self-defense and perfection; our duty is to keep its fully integrity. When we suppress an element from those that are not essential, nature does a while, but the "hour" of decompensation is inevitable. We must prevent it and strive to counteract its effects. We can do it much more often than we believe. In oral and maxillo-facial surgery, postoperative disease is rapidly established within hours after surgery, indicating especially the origin of the nervous system more than the toxic origin incriminated in the forms of postoperative disease, known in general surgery. The postoperative disease comprises a complex of neurovegetative, endocrine, humoral, circulatory and homoleucocity disorders triggered by the operative act in the body due to triggered and predisposing causes, clinical manifestations being dominated by local phenomena. Asepsis and antisepsis are the necessary and inseparable elements of the disinfection process; they complement each other and are used simultaneously, making together sterilization, which is the most complete form of disinfection

CHEMICAL AGENTS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DENTAL ARCH SYMMETRY IN THE OCLUZAL BALANCE

Orthodontics is a scientific art aiming to achieve the individual aesthetic optimum and functional development and dento-maxilo-facial, with the help of an assembly of biological and mechanical means (Chateau, 1975). Symmetry is indisputably of numerical order and it is essential in relation to a central axis in the transverse direction, but in our opinion we are more interested in the fact that there is also an aesthetic function, whose importance is crucial, where the lack of symmetry has the most unpleasant consequences. In this regard, the orthodontist has an important role to play. For the beauty of the symmetry of a form, if the form is in motion, we will plead for symmetry. Material and method: Our study included 36 patients aged between 11 and 25 with dento-maxillary abnormalities without previous orthodontic treatments who presented themselves in the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic between 2016 and 2018.Results and discussion: Clinical asymmetry is difficult to appreciate, having a very wide variation, from hardly visible forms to the most severe forms, and when investigating asymmetries, all degrees of changes must be investigated. Conclusions: Asymmetry is the result of the discrepancy between the malposition of bone structures or teeth, along with the implantation of soft tissue imbalances, the imbalance in this relationship leads to the instability of neuromuscular activity disorders

THE ROLE OF THE CT EXAMINATION IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF A PATIENT WITH FACIAL COMPLEX TRAUMATISM

Cranio-maxillo-facial territory is interested in a significant percentage of polytraumatism cases. In the evaluation of these patients, the CT scan tends to replace the classic imaging methods represented by the radiographic examination at different incidences. The aim of this article is to highlight the contribution of modern imaging in the cranio-maxillo-facial traumatology by highlighting the role of the computer tomography exam in the diagnosis and treatment of a complex facial trauma event in the Oro Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the "Sf. Spiridon "in Iasi.The computer tomographic examination in the cranio-maxillo-facial traumatology is decisive in highlighting the position of the anatomical elements and their reports with the traumatized structures in order to evaluate the lesions quickly and accurately, as well as in the choice of an optimal therapeutic plan and in the postoperative assessment of the patient. Computer tomography is currently the imaging method of choice used in cases of complex facial trauma

THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE MAIN FAVOURABLE FACTORS IN THE APPEARANCE OF VARIOUS FORMS OF CANCER AT THE LEVEL OF ORAL CAVITY MUCOSA

Our study aims to establish correlative elements between the role of the main contributing factors in triggering various forms of oral mucosal cancer and to quantify their contribution according to a number of characteristic parameters.Materials and Methods: The statistical study was conducted over a period of 5 years at the Oro-Maxilofacial Surgery Clinic of St. Spiridon Iasi on internalized patients diagnosed with oral mucosal cancer.Results and Discussions : A well-defined category of contributing factors correlates to a high percentage of oral or oropharyngeal cancer. In this hierarchy of favoritisers of the mucosa of the oral cavity, an important place is occupied by the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, which makes it difficult to separate the degree of contribution of one or the other of the two components.Conclusions: The dentist must have a more intense activity in raising awareness of oral cavity cancer patients, increasing the educational level of population and sensitizing patients to the harmful and oncogenic action of alcohol and smoking

STUDY ON LIFE QUALITY OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER

Aim of study. The aim of study was the assessment of the life quality in relation to socio-demographic and individual parameters of patients diagnosed with head and neck neoplasms. Materials and Methods. A prospective, quantitative study was conducted on a sample of 62 patients diagnosed with malignant tumors of the head and neck, hospitalized and diagnosed in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital in Iași (n=30), and in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Suceava County Hospital (n=32). Data collection was performed using two questionnaires: the BIQoL questionnaire, which assesses the quality of life based on self-image, and the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire, which evaluates parameters directly associated with the quality of life of individuals with head and neck neoplasms. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. Results. From the analysis of data collected using the BIQoL questionnaire, higher scores were recorded in the case of women, urban patients, patients with higher education levels, patients without comorbidities, and patients with intraoral lesion localization. The results obtained based on the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire show low or moderate levels of impairment in the quality of life for most of the investigated items, with moderate degree of impairment for “social contacts” and “sexual activity”. Conclusions. Patients with head and neck cancer face various forms of disfigurement, neurological disorders, sensory disturbances, and psychological disorders, as highlighted by BIQoL questionnaire and the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire. The study results can be used in the development of a standardized tool for pre- and postoperative information and counseling for this category of patients and to understand the aspects that most significantly influence the quality of life of patients. These findings can guide oncologic surgeons in the approach of therapeutic decisions

CHARACTERIZATION OF HA HYBRID MATERIALS OPTIMIZED BY PLASMA TECHNOLOGIES

Osseointegration refers to a structural and functional fusion of the implant surface with the surrounding bone. The scope of the research was to develop a plasma-based technique, respectively the high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge (HiPIMS) that can assure deposition of HA-Zn layers/coatings on commercial dental implants by a unique process, avoiding the drawbacks of the plasma-sprayed method. The method makes possible control of coatings thickness, the reduced cracks observed in the microstructure pointing to the improved mechanical properties of a stoichiometrically available material, such as HA human

PERIODONTAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN CRANIO-MANDIBULARY SYNDROME

The cranio-mandibulary syndromes are pathological entities in which at least one of the components of the dento-maxillary apparatus (jaws) is not structurally or functionally adapted to its own activity. These disorders include manifestations at the temporomandibular joint or neuro-muscular system and occlusal disarmony manifested in the dento-periodontal component of the dento-maxillary apparatus. Unfavorable occlusal relations causes changes to the fundamental positions of the mandible, resulting in non-physiological forces exerting a negative impact on the periodontium manifested clinically and radiologically through: dental mobility, gingival retraction, periodontal bags, widening of the desmodontal space. Aim of study: The purpose of this study was to identify periodontal signs produced by occlusal trauma and to remove potentially harmful periodontium factors by obtaining a mandibular-maxillary relationship that maintains the health of the dentomaxillary apparatus. Materials and methods: The study based on the clinical, paraclinical and dental treatment of the patients included in the study group was performed. A group of 20 persons with at least one of the following signs considered to be inherited from cranio-mandibulary disorder: dental mobility, pathogenic dental wear, root resorption, widening of the desmodontal space, Stielmann cracks, occlusal parapuncture (bruxism), hypercementhosis, false or true periodontal pockets. Results: During the study, we were able to highlight that primary or secondary occlusal trauma is a cofactor in the production of periodontal disease. In the absence of microbial plaque, occlusal trauma, does not produce gingivitis or periodontitis, and minor periodontal lesions are reversible. Conclusions: Occlusive trauma occurs when one or more teeth are harmful to excess strain, by intensity, duration, frequency, direction. Occlusal trauma is a cofactor in the production of periodontal disease; therefore, treatment should begin early by correctly identifying the causes of occlusal disharmony and removing the