Strategies towards potent trypanocidal drugs: Application of Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions, sulfonyl phthalide annulation and nitroalkene reactions for the synthesis of substituted quinones and their evaluation against Trypanosoma cruzi

Rhodium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions, sulfonyl phthalide annulations and nitroalkene reactions have been employed for the synthesis of 56 quinone-based compounds. These were evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. The reactions described here are part of a program that aims to utilize modern, versatile and efficient synthetic methods for the one or two step preparation of trypanocidal compounds. We have identified 9 compounds with potent activity against the parasite; 3 of these were 30-fold more potent than benznidazole (Bz), a drug used for the treatment of Chagas disease. This article provides a comprehensive outline of reactions involving over 120 compounds aimed at the discovery of new quinone-based frameworks with activity against T. cruzi