Apoyando el desarrollo del conocimiento matemático y pedagógico de los profesores: la resolución de problemas y el trabajo colaborativo

Las reformas en la instrucción matemática demandan que los profesores enseñen un currículo muy diferente a aquel en el que fueron formados, por lo que es necesario establecer programas de formación y actualización de profesores, que basados en los resultados de investigaciones y estudios, los capaciten para diseñar, seleccionar y apoyar las actividades de instrucción adecuadas para llevar a cabo estas y futuras reformas, y lograr que los estudiantes adquieran los conocimientos matemáticos, las habilidades, actitudes y valores que ellas promueven (Lingefjärd, 2002). En este contexto surgen varias preguntas asociadas al qué, cómo y porqué del contenido de esos programas de formación de profesores, entre ellas: ¿Cómo es el proceso de aprendizaje de las matemáticas de los profesores? ¿Qué tipo de tareas los ayudan a desarrollar formas de razonamiento consistentes con las prácticas matemáticas? ¿Cómo un grupo de estudiantes se transforma en una comunidad de aprendizaje? ¿Cómo influyen las actividades de modelación y aplicación de las matemáticas, y el trabajo colaborativo en el conocimiento matemático de los profesores? Ellas guían esta investigación

Multinomial logit estimation of a diameter growth matrix model of two Mediterranean pine species in Spain

Understanding diameter growth of the Mediterranean pine species is fundamental for evaluating and making appropriate strategic decisions in forest management. A matrix diameter growth model for two Mediterranean pine forest ecosystems in Spain has been developed. Methods Multinomial logistic (MNL) regression was employed to estimate the transition probabilities of a matrix growth model. The model combines individual tree and stand attributes and explores the effects of independent variables and their relationships with tree size and the probabilities of stand diameter growth. The aim was to predict growth of individual trees by diameter class for a 5-year period. Results MNL model results for diameter growth gave better predictions for Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) than for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Stand simulations showed that diameter growth probabilities depended on productivity and stand density. Stand simulations under fixed conditions showed that the probabilities of diameter growth increased as site productivity increased and decreased with increased stand density index. Conclusions This study demonstrates the usefulness of matrix growth models as tools to predict growth in Mediterranean pine forests. Stand density and site productivity are key factors in explaining Scots pine and Maritime pine forest growth in the study area.Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenibl

Competencias Matemáticas a través de la implementación de actividades provocadoras de modelos

Reflexión sobre las competencias matemáticas mostradas por estudiantes de bachillerato cuando realizaron una Actividad Provocadora de Modelos. La pregunta de investigación que guía la discusión es ¿qué competencias exhiben los estudiantes en la realización de actividades cercanas a la vida real? La perspectiva de Modelos y Modelación y el concepto de competencias de Kilpatrick integran el marco teórico. Mediante el análisis de datos se identificaron las competencias de comprensión conceptual, fluidez procedimental, competencia estratégica, razonamiento adaptativo y disposición productiva

Pedagogic analysis of a situation: movement in two dimensions

We describe the results obtained by exploring the didactic potential of an activity. We performed this experience by developing a didactic sequence for the theme: Body Movement in two dimensions. We emphasize the analysis of the activity: Movement of a soccer ball. This helped us to establish the sequence students should follow in addressing their description, and to develop the conceptual knowledge and skills considered in the course objectives. It also allowed us to identify the possible interventions of the instructor of the course.<br /

Pollen segmentation and feature evaluation for automatic classification in bright-field microscopy

14 págs.; 10 figs.; 7 tabs.; 1 app.© 2014 Elsevier B.V. Besides the well-established healthy properties of pollen, palynology and apiculture are of extreme importance to avoid hard and fast unbalances in our ecosystems. To support such disciplines computer vision comes to alleviate tedious recognition tasks. In this paper we present an applied study of the state of the art in pattern recognition techniques to describe, analyze, and classify pollen grains in an extensive dataset specifically collected (15 types, 120 samples/type). We also propose a novel contour-inner segmentation of grains, improving 50% of accuracy. In addition to published morphological, statistical, and textural descriptors, we introduce a new descriptor to measure the grain's contour profile and a logGabor implementation not tested before for this purpose. We found a significant improvement for certain combinations of descriptors, providing an overall accuracy above 99%. Finally, some palynological features that are still difficult to be integrated in computer systems are discussed.This work has been supported by the European project APIFRESH FP7-SME-2008-2 ‘‘Developing European standards for bee pollen and royal jelly: quality, safety and authenticity’’ and we would like to thank to Mr. Walter Haefeker, President of the European Professional Beekeepers Association (EPBA). J. Victor Marcos is a ‘‘Juan de la Cierva’’ research fellow funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Rodrigo Nava thanks Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) and PAPIIT Grant IG100814.Peer Reviewe

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe