30 research outputs found

    Syntheses of Ir 4 (CO) 6 (η 5 -C 5 Me 4 H) 2 and Ir 7 (Ό 3 -CO) 3 (CO) 12 (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) from Pentametallic Molybdenum-Iridium Cluster Precursors.

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    Reaction of Mo2Ir3(Ό-CO)3(CO)6(η5-C5H5)2(η5-C5Me5) with Ir(CO)2(η5-C5Me4H) afforded the four-valence-electron-deficien

    Vaughanite, TlHgSb 4

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    Henryite, a new copper-silver telluride from Bisbee, Arizona

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    Henryite is a new mineral from the Campbell orebody, Bisbee, Arizona, U.S.A. In plane-polarized reflected light it is pale blue. It is isotropic. Colour values in air relative to the CIE illuminant C are : x 0.290, y 0.298, Y% 32.2-32.6, λd 478-479, Pe % 9.1-9.3. The Vickers microhardness (VHN₁₀₀) is 109-119. The strongest reflections in the henryite powder pattern [dhki (I) (hkl)] are : 2. 156 (10) (440), 3.043 (8) (400), 7.03 (6) (111), 2.348 (6) (511, 333), 1.3646 (6) (840), 1.2451 (6) (844). They are indexed on a face-centred cubic cell with a cell-edge of 12.20 ± 0.02 Å with a cell volume 1 815 ± 9 ų. The probable cell contents, based on 32 close-packed Te atoms are 8[Cu3,77Ag3,01Te₄] giving a calculated density of 7.86 gcm⁻³. The powder intensities, unit cell and the atomic radii together suggest that the Ag atoms are ordered on octahedral sites.L'henryite est un nouveau minĂ©ral du gisement de Campbell, Bisbee, Arizona, Etats-Unis. ObservĂ©e au microscope polarisant en lumiĂšre rĂ©flĂ©chie, l'henryite apparaĂźt bleu clair. Elle est isotrope. Les valeurs de couleur dans l'air relative Ă  l'illuminant C du CIE sont : x 0.290, y 0.298, Y% 32.2-32.6, λd 478-479, Pe % 9.1-9.3. La microduretĂ© Vickers (VHN₁₀₀) est 109-119. Les raies intenses du diagramme de poudre sont [dhki (I) (hkl)] : 2,156 (10) (440), 3,043 (8) (400), 7,03 (6) (111), 2,348 (6) (511, 333), 1,3646 (6) (840), 1,2451 (6) (844). Les indices hkl sont calculĂ©s pour une maille cubique Ă  faces centrĂ©es avec a = 12,20 ± 0,02 Å. Le contenu plausible de la maille, comprenant 32 atomes Te en assemblage compact, est 8[Cu3,77Ag3,01Te₄], donnant une densitĂ© calculĂ©e de 7,86. Les intensitĂ©s du diagramme de poudre, la maille et les rayons des atomes indiquent ensemble que les atomes d'Ag sont ordonnĂ©s sur les sites octaĂ©driques.Criddle Alan J., Stanley Chris J., Chisholm Jim E., Fejer Eva E. Henryite, a new copper-silver telluride from Bisbee, Arizona. In: Bulletin de MinĂ©ralogie, volume 106, 5, 1983. pp. 511-517

    Mineralogical study of complex Pt-Fe nuggets from Ethiopia

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    Goethite-coated eluvial (?) and fresh-looking (alluvial ?) Pt-Fe nuggets from Joubdo stream, Birbir River are very variable in external morphology from rounded, flattened to very irregular with sharp projections. Scanning electron microscopy has revealed crystalline details of the Pt-Fe alloys at magnifications not reported previously. The most common Pt-Fe alloy is Pt₃Fe, probably isoferroplatinum, but tulameenite and tetraferroplatinum are also present. A combined electron probe and quantitative optical study has documented an extensive suite of primary inclusions in Pt-Fe alloy matrix : osmium, irarsite, erlichmanite, genkinite (second world occurrence), hollingworthite, laurite, stibiopalladinite, cuprian gold, bornite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, chromite, magnetite, diopside (?), ferroaugite (?), forsterite (?), rhodian « pentlandite » (?), unnamed RhSbS (Raicevic and Cabri, 1976), and unnamed Rh₂S₃ (Begizov et al., 1975). In addition, unnamed minerals reported for the first time include : Pt(Rh, Ir)CuS₄, Rh(Te, Bi)₂, and unidentified anisotropic Fe — Rh — Ni and Fe — Ni — Ir — Rh sulphides. Genkinite and osmium are the only platinum-group minerals exhibiting alteration to secondary minerals, the latter to an unidentified iridium-rich alteration product.Des pĂ©pites Pt-Fe dont certaines sont enrobĂ©es de goethite (Ă©luvionnaires ?) tandis que d'autres prĂ©sentent un aspect frais (alluvionnaires ?) provenant du Joubdo, qui est un affluent de la riviĂšre Birbir, sont trĂšs variĂ©es du point de vue morphologique et possĂšdent des formes soit arrondies, aplaties ou encore sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par des projections aiguĂ«s trĂšs irrĂ©guliĂšres. Des dĂ©tails cristallins inĂ©dits de ces alliages Pt-Fe sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s Ă  partir d'Ă©tude au microscope Ă©lectronique Ă  balayage, et ce, Ă  des grandissements jamais rapportĂ©s auparavant. Le plus commun de ces alliages Pt-Fe est Pt₃Fe probablement l'isoferroplatine, mais la tulameenite et la tĂ©traferroplatine sont aussi prĂ©sentes. C'est Ă  partir d'Ă©tudes optiques quantitatives et Ă  la microsonde Ă©lectronique, qu'est ici documentĂ© un vaste ensemble d'inclusions primaires qui se prĂ©sente dans une matrice d'alliage Pt-Fe : soit osmium, irarsite, erlichmanite, genkinite (trouvĂ©e pour la seconde fois au monde), hollingworthite, laurite, stibiopalladinite, ou cuprifĂšre, bornite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, chromite, magnĂ©tite, diopside (?), ferroaugite (?), forsterite (?), pentlandite rhodiĂ©e (?), les minĂ©raux innomĂ©s RhSbS (Raicevic and Cabri, 1976), et Rh₂S₃ (Begizov et al., 1975). De plus, les minĂ©raux innomĂ©s suivant, rapportĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois : Pt(Rh, Ir)CuS₄, Rh(Te, Bi)₂, et les sulfures non˗identifiĂ©s anisotropes de Fe — Ni — Rh et de Fe — Ni — Ir — Rh. La genkinite et l'osmium sont les seuls minĂ©raux du groupe du platine Ă  prĂ©senter de l'altĂ©ration conduisant Ă  la formation de minĂ©raux secondaires, et justement ce dernier consiste en un produit d'altĂ©ration non˗identifiĂ©, riche en iridium.Cabri Louis J., Criddle Alan J., Laflamme J. H. Gilles, Bearne Graham S., Harris Donald C. Mineralogical study of complex Pt-Fe nuggets from Ethiopia. In: Bulletin de MinĂ©ralogie, volume 104, 4, 1981. 12e assemblĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rale de l'I.M.A. - OrlĂ©ans – Juillet 1980. DeuxiĂšme partie : inclusions magmatiques / silicates / gemmes / « open session »

    Killer whale depredation and associated costs to Alaskan sablefish, Pacific halibut and Greenland turbot longliners.

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    Killer whale (Orcinus orca) depredation (whales stealing or damaging fish caught on fishing gear) adversely impacts demersal longline fisheries for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands and Western Gulf of Alaska. These interactions increase direct costs and opportunity costs associated with catching fish and reduce the profitability of longline fishing in western Alaska. This study synthesizes National Marine Fisheries Service observer data, National Marine Fisheries Service sablefish longline survey and fishermen-collected depredation data to: 1) estimate the frequency of killer whale depredation on longline fisheries in Alaska; 2) estimate depredation-related catch per unit effort reductions; and 3) assess direct costs and opportunity costs incurred by longliners in western Alaska as a result of killer whale interactions. The percentage of commercial fishery sets affected by killer whales was highest in the Bering Sea fisheries for: sablefish (21.4%), Greenland turbot (9.9%), and Pacific halibut (6.9%). Average catch per unit effort reductions on depredated sets ranged from 35.1-69.3% for the observed longline fleet in all three management areas from 1998-2012 (p<0.001). To compensate for depredation, fishermen set additional gear to catch the same amount of fish, and this increased fuel costs by an additional 82% per depredated set (average 433additionalfuelperdepredatedset).Inaseparateanalysiswithsixlonglinevesselsin2011and2012,killerwhaledepredationavoidancemeasuresresultedinanaverageadditionalcostof433 additional fuel per depredated set). In a separate analysis with six longline vessels in 2011 and 2012, killer whale depredation avoidance measures resulted in an average additional cost of 494 per depredated vessel-day for fuel and crew food. Opportunity costs of time lost by fishermen averaged $522 per additional vessel-day on the grounds. This assessment of killer whale depredation costs represents the most extensive economic evaluation of this issue in Alaska to date and will help longline fishermen and managers consider the costs and benefits of depredation avoidance and alternative policy solutions

    On the selective cleavage of nitrous oxide by metal-amide complexes

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    Computational investigation of nitrous oxide cleavage by metal-amide systems has shown that a bimetallic mechanism is compatible with the remarkable experimental observation of selective N-N bond scission by a di-molybdenum system, and that the interpla
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