Studies for the effects of avocado on the plasmatic lipids in human

Orientador: Glaucia Maria PastoreTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: O consumo regular de abacate Persea gratissima, tipo ¿Avocado¿, frutos que incluem as espécies Fuerte e Hass, foi avaliado em relação ao efeito sobre os lipídeos plasmáticos em humanos. Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, com intervenção. Foram selecionados voluntários militares, da ativa do Batalhão de Policia Militar de São Paulo em Campinas - Unidade de Saúde do CPI - 2 de Campinas, São Paulo. A escolha desta população alvo, foi a possíbilidade da utilização, de dieta e condicionamento físico uniformes e comparáveis. Os indivíduos selecionados, após assinatura Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido ¿ TCLE tiveram o sangue coletado para dosagem dos níveis de colesterol total e frações e de triglicérides, no início e após o consumo do abacate no término do experimento. Foram estimados os valores de Colesterol plasmático (HDL- LDL- VLDL) e Triglicérides , após a utilização da polpa da fruta do abacate por um período de dois meses tendo a finalidade de determinar o efeito do consumo do abacate nos lipídeos sanguíneos. Foi observado após o tempo de intervenção houve redução dos índices lipemicos com redução dos índices lipêmicos sanguíneos e significativo aumento do Colesterol ¿ HDL em 99% dos militares participantes. O grupo controle foi constituído pelos militares que mantiveram a mesma rotina dos voluntários, porém não ingeriram o abacate. Foram analisadas também a composição da polpa do fruto visando a melhor compreensão dos resultados obtidos na pesquisaAbstract: The regular use of the Persea gratissima ¿Avocado¿ kind, fruits that include the Fuerte and Hass varieties, was evaluated in relation to the effects on the plasmatic lipids in human. A prospective study was realized with intervention. Soldiery volunteers in active from the battalion of São Paulo military police in Campinas ¿ CPI Health unit of Campinas, São Paulo. The choice of this specific group was the possibility to have an equal and comparable diet and physical condition. After the subscription of the informed consent ¿ IC, the select group had their blood collected for total cholesterol and fraction and triglycerides levels test, In the beginning and after the use of Avocado in the end of the experiment. The plasmatic (HDL ¿ LDL ¿ VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were obtained after the use of the pulp of Avocado for two months in order to determine the effect of the Avocado use in the blood lipids levels. It was observed, after intervention period, that there was a reduction of the blood lipemic levels and a significative HDL ¿ Cholesterol increase in 99% of the soldiery group. The control group was formed by soldiery that kept the same routine, but did not eat the Avocado. The nutritional composition of the Avocado pulp was also analyzed for a better understanding of the results, obtained in this workDoutoradoDoutor em Ciência de Alimento

A educação integral em sexualidade para a prevenção da Sífilis: um olhar dos e das docentes da Rede Municipal de Ensino do Município de Natal (RN )/Brasil

Dados recentes levantados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Estatística (IBGE, 2010) apontam para um início da vida sexual cada vez mais cedo, ocorrendo por volta dos 13 anos, para meninos e meninas. Essa precocidade tem repercussão direta na vida do adolescente, em idade escolar, e na comunidade em que ele está inserido. Por outro lado, o professor e a professora são as pessoas, muitas vezes mais próximas e com algum subsídio para auxiliar o adolescente a encarar as suas transformações e responsabilidades. Todo esse quadro se desenvolve diante de um cenário epidêmico de sífilis, no Brasil, decretado oficialmente pelo Ministério da Saúde, em 2016, enfatizando a urgência de ações efetivas destinadas para a área de enfrentamento a IST. Com isso, o presente trabalho propõe a compreender o olhar dos e das docentes da rede municipal de ensino do Natal (RN), atuantes no ensino fundamental, no tocante aos aspectos de enfrentamento à sífilis, tendo como ponto de partida os comportamentos sexuais de seus e suas estudantes. O levantamento foi realizado por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, com a promoção de três grupos focais, formados por professores e professoras atuantes no ensino fundamental, anos finais, da rede municipal de ensino de Natal (RN). Ao conhecer a atuação do e da professor/a, suas características, dificuldades e angústias envolvidos em todo o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, é possível propor uma alternativa de planejamento, organização e metodologia a ser aplicada nas escolas, ressaltando a importância da educação em saúde como respaldo para a educação em sexualidade. A construção desse processo de ensino e aprendizagem baseia-se nos Objetivos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável 3, 4 e 5 que tratam de saúde, educação e igualdade de gênero e da proposta de Educação Integral em Sexualidade.Recent data collected by the Brazilian Institute of Research and Statistics (IBGE, 2010) point to an increasingly earlier onset of sexual life, occurring around the age of 13 for boys and girls. This precocity has direct repercussions on the adolescent’s life, at school age, and on the community in which he or she is inserted. On the other hand, the teacher is often the closest person with some support to help the teenager face his or her transformations and responsibilities. All this picture develops in the face of an epidemic scenario of syphilis in Brazil, officially decreed by the Ministry of Health in 2016, emphasizing the urgency of practical actions to confront STIs. Thus, the present work proposes to understand the view of teachers of the municipal education network of Natal (RN), working in elementary school, regarding the aspects of facing syphilis, taking as a starting point the sexual behaviors of their students. The survey was conducted through qualitative research, of exploratory nature, with the promotion of three focus groups, formed by male and female teachers working in elementary school, final years, in the municipal teaching network of Natal (RN). By knowing the performance of the teacher, his/her characteristics, difficulties, and anguishes involved in the entire process of teaching and learning, it is possible to propose an alternative planning, organization, and methodology to be applied in schools, emphasizing the importance of health education as a support for sexuality education. The construction of this teaching and learning process is based on Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, and 5, which deal with health, education, and gender equality, and the proposal for Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Testosterone deficiency increases hospital readmission and mortality rates in male patients with heart failure.

BackgroundTestosterone deficiency in patients with heart failure (HF) is associated with decreased exercise capacity and mortality; however, its impact on hospital readmission rate is uncertain. Furthermore, the relationship between testosterone deficiency and sympathetic activation is unknown.ObjectiveWe investigated the role of testosterone level on hospital readmission and mortality rates as well as sympathetic nerve activity in patients with HF.MethodsTotal testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) were measured in 110 hospitalized male patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% and New York Heart Association classification IV. The patients were placed into low testosterone (LT; n = 66) and normal testosterone (NT; n = 44) groups. Hypogonadism was defined as TT < 300 ng/dL and FT < 131 pmol/L. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded by microneurography in a subpopulation of 27 patients.ResultsLength of hospital stay was longer in the LT group compared to in the NT group (37 ± 4 vs. 25 ± 4 days; p = 0.008). Similarly, the cumulative hazard of readmission within 1 year was greater in the LT group compared to in the NT group (44% vs. 22%, p = 0.001). In the single-predictor analysis, TT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-4.85; p = 0.02) predicted hospital readmission within 90 days. In addition, TT (HR, 4.65; 95% CI, 2.67-8.10; p = 0.009) and readmission within 90 days (HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.23-8.69; p = 0.02) predicted increased mortality. Neurohumoral activation, as estimated by MSNA, was significantly higher in the LT group compared to in the NT group (65 ± 3 vs. 51 ± 4 bursts/100 heart beats; p < 0.001).ConclusionThese results support the concept that LT is an independent risk factor for hospital readmission within 90 days and increased mortality in patients with HF. Furthermore, increased MSNA was observed in patients with LT

Imaging of Chemical Kinetics at the Water-Water Interface in a Free-Flowing Liquid Flat-Jet

We present chemical kinetics measurements of the luminol oxidation chemiluminescence (CL) reaction at the interface between two aqueous solutions, using liquid jet technology. Free-flowing liquid microjets are a relatively recent development that have found their way into a growing number of applications in spectroscopy and dynamics. A variant thereof, called flat-jet, is obtained when two cylindrical jets of a liquid are crossed, leading to a chain of planar leaf-shaped structures of the flowing liquid. We here show that in the first leaf of this chain, the fluids do not exhibit turbulent mixing, providing a clean interface between the liquids from the impinging jets. We also show, using the example of the luminol CL reaction, how this setup can be used to obtain kinetics information from friction-less flow and by circumventing the requirement for rapid mixing by intentionally suppressing all turbulent mixing and instead relying on diffusion

How to measure work functions from aqueous solutions

The recent application of concepts from condensed-matter physics to photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) of volatile, liquid-phase systems has enabled the measurement of electronic energetics of liquids on an absolute scale. Particularly, vertical ionization energies, VIEs, of liquid water and aqueous solutions, both in the bulk and at associated interfaces, can now be routinely determined. These IEs are referenced to the local vacuum level, which is the appropriate quantity for condensed matter with associated surfaces, including liquids. Here, we connect this newly accessible energy level to another important surface property, namely, the solution work function, e$\Phi_{liq}$. We lay out the prerequisites for and unique challenges of determining e$\Phi$ of aqueous solutions and liquids in general. We demonstrate - for a model aqueous solution with a tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) surfactant solute - that concentration-dependent work functions, associated with the surface dipoles generated by the segregated interfacial layer of TBA$^+$ and I$^-$ions, can be accurately measured under controlled conditions. We detail the nature of surface potentials, uniquely tied to the nature of the flowing-liquid sample, which must be eliminated or quantified to enable such measurements. This allows us to refer measured spectra of aqueous solutions to the Fermi level and quantitatively assign surfactant concentration-dependent spectral shifts to competing work function and electronic-structure effects, the latter determining, e.g., (electro)chemical reactivity. We describe the extension of liquid-jet PES to quantitatively access concentration-dependent surface descriptors that have so far been restricted to solid-phase measurements. These studies thus mark the beginning of a new era in the characterization of the interfacial electronic structure of aqueous solutions and liquids more generally.Comment: Main manuscript: 26 pages, 7 figures. Supporting information: 5 pages, 5 figure

Análisis de la descarga de aguas grises por la Cafetería del Edificio N. º 1 de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá

El tratamiento de aguas residuales es de vital importancia para evitar vulnerar nuestros recursos hídricos. Las aguas grises son un tema que muchas veces es pasado por alto, ya que se piensa que su capacidad de contaminación no es de gran significancia. Sin embargo, hay que tener presente, que estas impactan de manera directa y negativa al ambiente. Sus componentes principales, como la materia orgánica, las grasas, aceites y detergentes, causan un incremento en los Sólidos Suspendidos (SS), la Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), y al mismo tiempo en la Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO). Por esta razón se han aplicado diferentes metodologías para el análisis de los parámetros de calidad del agua, tales como: los SS, la DQO y la DBO. Resultando altas concentraciones que sobrepasan los límites máximos permitidos (LMP) por el Reglamento Técnico DGNTICOPANIT 35-2000 para los S.S 395 mg/L, 1224.67 mgO2/L para la DQO y 1102.00 mg/L para la DBO [3]. Además, se logró determinar el índice de Biodegradabilidad para este efluente, dando como resultado 0.92 considerándose alto según la escala utilizada, por lo que se prevé que su tratamiento sea fácil y rápido