The Cost of Helping Traumatized Students: Compassion Fatigue in Student Affairs Professionals

A large body of literature has explored the impact of compassion fatigue on individuals who work within various helping professions. Few studies, however, have sought to understand its impact on educators, more specifically student affairs professionals. As the number of students attending college with diagnosed mental health issues, and scrutinized attention is given to traumatic and crisis events that occur on campuses, student affairs professionals are often the first ones who respond and interact with the affected students. Student affairs professionals spend countless hours connecting impacted students to available resources as well as serving as a resource regardless of the day of the week or time of day. Given the helping profession role that many student affairs professionals provide, the purpose of this study was to better understand compassion fatigue, through burnout and secondary traumatic stress scales, in student affairs professionals who assist students experiencing a traumatic or crisis life even and compare them to their peers. Utilizing the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) survey instrument, this study utilized multivariate regression analysis to compare compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue scores (burnout and secondary traumatic stress) of 220 student affairs professionals who spent different amounts of time assisting students through a traumatic or crisis experience. The analysis determined significant statistical differences in groups based on the average amount of time per week devoted to supporting students dealing with trauma, and other factors such as serving on the institution’s crisis response team or its equivalent, and demographic factors such as age and gender. Results were reviewed and compared to existing literature focused on compassion fatigue of other helping professions

HM 20: New Interpretations in Naval History

Selected Papers from the Sixteenth Naval History Symposium Held at the United States Naval Academy 10–11 September 2009.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs/1019/thumbnail.jp

INTERNAL CONTROL AND COST MANAGEMENT: ANTIDOTE TO THE DEMISE OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES?

The study investigates how Internal Control (IC) and Cost Management (GC) contribute to the reduction of death in the first years of life and optimize the operating costs of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE's). To this end, 127 MSEs in the retail, wholesale, and service segments were investigated in the period 2014 to 2022, through the descriptive method with the application of semi-structured questionnaires and analysis of financial and management statements. The motivation for the study was due to the fact that it is a business segment responsible for 27% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), for generating an average of 83% of employment, growth of 5% per year, and 68% of mortality in the first two years (SEBRAE, 2010; 2015). The results suggest that IC and GC are unknown to managers in this segment and that accountants (mostly accounting technicians) are not interested in offering advice on this subject because there are no positive effects on accounting fees. On the other hand, managers understand that accounting is limited to the preparation of payroll and the issuance of tax guides. For this reason, they make their decisions based on their experiences gained over time. The study also identified that the managers' schooling corresponds to incomplete primary and secondary education, except, with rare exceptions in the service segment, with complete higher education.  Article visualizations

The relationships between perceived competence, goal orientation and mind sets on the motivation to participate in sport at university

The research sought to uncover the links that exist between perceived competence, goal orientations and mind sets with the motivation to participate in sports. The research was conducted in a South African university context and was comprised of 212 participants. Data was collected through the use of Sports Motivation Scale 6, Intrinsic Motivation Inventory: Perceived Competence Subscale, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and the Self-Theory Questionnaire. The participants completed the questionnaires using a pen and paper technique at their various sports practices. Data was collected and analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient in order to demonstrate the strength and nature of the relationships that existed between the variables. Findings generally supported previous findings. Using a deductive approach, the main findings found that various types of motivation based on Self-Determination Theory demonstrated a proportional relationship with task orientation and little to no relationship was found between motivation and ego orientation. The relationships between motivation and perceived competence were mixed, with the most significant relationship occurring between integrated regulation and perceived competence. Fixed mind sets also showed little to no relationship with motivation, whereas growth mind sets showed proportional relationships with the various kinds of motivation. Further relationships between these variables were also explained. It is recommended that data collection techniques are improved in future research. This research may be useful in indicating what factors are related to motivation to play sport at university

Age- and Lesion-Related Comorbidity Burden Among US Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Population-Based Study.

Background As patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are living longer, understanding the comorbidities they develop as they age is increasingly important. However, there are no published population-based estimates of the comorbidity burden among the US adult patients with CHD. Methods and Results Using the IBM MarketScan commercial claims database from 2010 to 2016, we identified adults aged ≥18 years with CHD and 2 full years of continuous enrollment. These were frequency matched with adults without CHD within categories jointly defined by age, sex, and dates of enrollment in the database. A total of 40 127 patients with CHD met the inclusion criteria (mean [SD] age, 36.8 [14.6] years; and 48.2% were women). Adults with CHD were nearly twice as likely to have any comorbidity than those without CHD (P<0.001). After adjusting for covariates, patients with CHD had a higher prevalence risk ratio for "previously recognized to be common in CHD" (risk ratio, 9.41; 95% CI, 7.99-11.1), "other cardiovascular" (risk ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.66-1.80), and "noncardiovascular" (risk ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.41-1.52) comorbidities. After adjusting for covariates and considering interaction with age, patients with severe CHD had higher risks of previously recognized to be common in CHD and lower risks of other cardiovascular comorbidities than age-stratified patients with nonsevere CHD. For noncardiovascular comorbidities, the risk was higher among patients with severe than nonsevere CHD before, but not after, the age of 40 years. Conclusions Our data underscore the unique clinical needs of adults with CHD compared with their peers. Clinicians caring for CHD may want to use a multidisciplinary approach, including building close collaborations with internists and specialists, to help provide appropriate care for the highly prevalent noncardiovascular comorbidities

Cognitive function in childhood and lifetime cognitive change in relation to mental wellbeing in four cohorts of older people

Background: poorer cognitive ability in youth is a risk factor for later mental health problems but it is largely unknown whether cognitive ability, in youth or in later life, is predictive of mental wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cognitive ability at age 11 years, cognitive ability in later life, or lifetime cognitive change are associated with mental wellbeing in older people.Methods: we used data on 8191 men and women aged 50 to 87 years from four cohorts in the HALCyon collaborative research programme into healthy ageing: the Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1936, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921, the National Child Development Survey, and the MRC National Survey for Health and Development. We used linear regression to examine associations between cognitive ability at age 11, cognitive ability in later life, and lifetime change in cognitive ability and mean score on the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and meta-analysis to obtain an overall estimate of the effect of each.Results: people whose cognitive ability at age 11 was a standard deviation above the mean scored 0.53 points higher on the mental wellbeing scale (95% confidence interval 0.36, 0.71). The equivalent value for cognitive ability in later life was 0.89 points (0.72, 1.07). A standard deviation improvement in cognitive ability in later life relative to childhood ability was associated with 0.66 points (0.39, 0.93) advantage in wellbeing score. These effect sizes equate to around 0.1 of a standard deviation in mental wellbeing score. Adjustment for potential confounding and mediating variables, primarily the personality trait neuroticism, substantially attenuated these associations.Conclusion: associations between cognitive ability in childhood or lifetime cognitive change and mental wellbeing in older people are slight and may be confounded by personality trait difference

What Contribution Did Economic Evidence Make to the Adoption of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Policies in the United States?

Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS), when accompanied by timely access to intervention services, can improve language outcomes for children born deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) and result in economic benefits to society. Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs promote UNHS and using information systems support access to follow-up diagnostic and early intervention services so that infants can be screened no later than 1 month of age, with those who do not pass their screen receiving diagnostic evaluation no later than 3 months of age, and those with diagnosed hearing loss receiving intervention services no later than 6 months of age. In this paper, we first document the rapid roll-out of UNHS/EHDI policies and programs at the national and state/territorial levels in the United States between 1997 and 2005. We then review cost analyses and economic arguments that were made in advancing those policies in the United States. Finally, we examine evidence on language and educational outcomes that pertain to the economic benefits of UNHS/EHDI. In conclusion, although formal cost-effectiveness analyses do not appear to have played a decisive role, informal economic assessments of costs and benefits appear to have contributed to the adoption of UNHS policies in the United States

Three Dimensional Root CT Segmentation Using Multi-Resolution Encoder-Decoder Networks

© 1992-2012 IEEE. We address the complex problem of reliably segmenting root structure from soil in X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) images. We utilise a deep learning approach, and propose a state-of-the-art multi-resolution architecture based on encoder-decoders. While previous work in encoder-decoders implies the use of multiple resolutions simply by downsampling and upsampling images, we make this process explicit, with branches of the network tasked separately with obtaining local high-resolution segmentation, and wider low-resolution contextual information. The complete network is a memory efficient implementation that is still able to resolve small root detail in large volumetric images. We compare against a number of different encoder-decoder based architectures from the literature, as well as a popular existing image analysis tool designed for root CT segmentation. We show qualitatively and quantitatively that a multi-resolution approach offers substantial accuracy improvements over a both a small receptive field size in a deep network, or a larger receptive field in a shallower network. We then further improve performance using an incremental learning approach, in which failures in the original network are used to generate harder negative training examples. Our proposed method requires no user interaction, is fully automatic, and identifies large and fine root material throughout the whole volume