LE MANAGEMENT DES STAGES DANS UN MASTER D'INGENIERIE. ASPECTS DE L'EVOLUTION DES PRATIQUES

International audienceThis paper presents the system of internship implemented for "Industrial Process and Innovation" Master students at the Faculty of Applied Sciences in Béthune. After mentioning a few consequences with regard to the management of these internships, we propose an analysis to report on the pedagogical, organizational and institutional skills involved and the methods used to rule them. Indeed, these internships are part of a sandwich training course with three interactive groups : first the institution (University and Company) second the organization (University and Company) and finally the people concerned (trainers and interns). This paper stresses the fact that approaching internships in terms of management means focusing on the dynamics used between the three groups. It also enhances that the methods of management are multiple, versatile, and strongly based on human relations and mainly rely on the team which manages the system.Cette communication rend compte du dispositif de stage du master " Process Industriels et Innovation " de la Faculté des Sciences Appliquées de Béthune. Après avoir brièvement exploré quelques implications du point de vue de la 'gouvernance', un cadre d'analyse est proposé pour rendre compte des propriétés pédagogiques, organisationnelles, institutionnelles et des modalités de régulation du stage en formation concerné ici. En ce sens, le stage est conçu comme faisant partie d'un système de formation en alternance à trois pôles en interaction : le pôle institutionnel (Ecole, Entreprise), le pôle organisationnel (école, entreprise) et le pôle actoriel (stagiaire, formateurs). Cette communication souligne le fait qu'approcher le stage en termes de gouvernance signifie de mettre l'accent sur les dynamiques à l'oeuvre entre les trois pôles du dispositif de formation. Elle met aussi en évidence que les modes de gouvernance sont multiples, changeants, éminemment humains et reposent fortement sur l'équipe qui gère le dispositif

Rapic project: toward a new generation of inexpensive heat exchanger-reactors for process intensification

Process intensification (PI) in chemical production is a major concern of chemical manufacturers. This alternative technology involves transposing syntheses into continuous plug flow reactors with process intensification, leading to a multifunctional heat exchanger-reactor. In this context, the RAPIC R&D project aims to develop an innovative low-cost component (in the 10 kg/hour range). This project deals with the design from the local to the global scale and with testing, from elementary mock-ups to pilot scale. The present paper gives a detailed description of this research project and presents the main results on specification and definition of the reaction channel and the first simple mock-ups

Les infrastructures de communications

National audienceLes Systèmes de Transport Intelligents coopératifs (C-ITS ) reposent sur des communications sans fil.Quelles infrastructures de communication pour les ITS coopératifs ? Et au-delà de la technologie, quels modèles d’affairespermettront de déployer et d’opérer les infrastructures de communication nécessaires

Implementation of ‘chaotic’ advection for viscous fluids in heat exchanger/reactors

When viscous fluids are involved, laminar hydraulic conditions and heat and mass transfer intensification are conflicting phenomena. A channel geometry based on Split-And-Recombine (SAR) patterns is experimentally investigated. The principle implements the Baker’s transformation and ‘chaotic’ structures are generated to promote heat and mass transfer. This work assesses the energy efficiency of different heat exchanger/reactors integrating these SAR patterns. The heat transfer capacity is assessed and compared with the energy consumption of each mock-up. It is sensitive to the cooling mode and to the number of SAR patterns per length unit as well. The continuous oxidation of sodium thiosulfate with hydrogen peroxide has been implemented. Conversions up to 99% are reached according to the utility fluid temperature and the residence time. Finally, the whole performances of the SAR geometries are compared to a plate-type heat exchanger/reactor with a corrugated pattern. The more viscous the fluid, the more the energy efficiency of the SAR design increases compared to the corrugated design because of the balance between advection and diffusion mechanisms. The interest in terms of energy efficiency in working with SAR heat exchanger/reactor appears from Reynolds numbers below 50

Barriers and facilitators in the integration of oral health into primary care: a scoping review

Objective This scoping study has been conducted to map the literature and provide a descriptive synthesis on the barriers and facilitators of the integration of oral health into primary care. Methods Grounded in the Rainbow conceptual model and using the Levac et al six-stage framework, we performed a systematic search of electronic databases, organisational websites and grey literature from 1978 to April 2016. All publications with a focus on the integration of oral health into primary care were included except commentaries and editorials. Thematic analyses were performed to synthesise the results. Results From a total of 1619 citations, 58 publications were included in the review. Barrier-related themes included: lack of political leadership and healthcare policies; implementation challenges; discipline-oriented education; lack of continuity of care and services and patients’ oral healthcare needs. The facilitators of integration were supportive policies and resources allocation, interdisciplinary education, collaborative practices between dental and other healthcare professionals, presence of local strategic leaders and geographical proximity. Discussion and public health implications This work has advanced the knowledge on the barriers and facilitators at each integration domain and level, which may be helpful if the healthcare organisations decide to integrate oral health and dental services into primary care. The scoping review findings could be useful for both dental and medical workforce and allied primary healthcare providers. They could also guide the development of healthcare policies that support collaborative practices and patient-centred care in the field of primary care

Automated assay for screening the enzymatic release of reducing sugars from micronized biomass

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To reduce the production cost of bioethanol obtained from fermentation of the sugars provided by degradation of lignocellulosic biomass (<it>i.e</it>., second generation bioethanol), it is necessary to screen for new enzymes endowed with more efficient biomass degrading properties. This demands the set-up of high-throughput screening methods. Several methods have been devised all using microplates in the industrial SBS format. Although this size reduction and standardization has greatly improved the screening process, the published methods comprise one or more manual steps that seriously decrease throughput. Therefore, we worked to devise a screening method devoid of any manual steps.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We describe a fully automated assay for measuring the amount of reducing sugars released by biomass-degrading enzymes from wheat-straw and spruce. The method comprises two independent and automated steps. The first step is the making of "substrate plates". It consists of filling 96-well microplates with slurry suspensions of micronized substrate which are then stored frozen until use. The second step is an enzymatic activity assay. After thawing, the substrate plates are supplemented by the robot with cell-wall degrading enzymes where necessary, and the whole process from addition of enzymes to quantification of released sugars is autonomously performed by the robot. We describe how critical parameters (amount of substrate, amount of enzyme, incubation duration and temperature) were selected to fit with our specific use. The ability of this automated small-scale assay to discriminate among different enzymatic activities was validated using a set of commercial enzymes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Using an automatic microplate sealer solved three main problems generally encountered during the set-up of methods for measuring the sugar-releasing activity of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes: throughput, automation, and evaporation losses. In its present set-up, the robot can autonomously process 120 triplicate wheat-straw samples per day. This throughput can be doubled if the incubation time is reduced from 24 h to 4 h (for initial rates measurements, for instance). This method can potentially be used with any insoluble substrate that is micronizable. A video illustrating the method can be seen at the following URL: <url>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFg6TxjuMWU</url></p

Integration of oral health into primary care : a scoping review protocol

Integrated care has been introduced as a means of improving health outcomes and access to care, and reducing the cost of healthcare. Despite its importance, the integration of oral health into primary care is still an emerging healthcare pathway. This scoping review protocol has been developed and funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to provide an evidence-based synthesis on a primary oral healthcare approach and its effectiveness in improving oral health outcomes