416 research outputs found
Offset fields in perpendicularly magnetized tunnel junctions
We study the offset fields affecting the free layer of perpendicularly
magnetized tunnel junctions. In extended films, the free layer offset field
results from interlayer exchange coupling with the reference layer through the
MgO tunnel oxide. The free layer offset field is thus accompanied with a shift
of the free layer and reference layer ferromagnetic resonance frequencies. The
shifts depend on the mutual orientation of the two magnetizations. The offset
field decreases with the resistance area product of the tunnel oxide.
Patterning the tunnel junction into an STT-MRAM disk-shaped cell changes
substantially the offset field, as the reduction of the lateral dimension comes
with the generation of stray fields by the reference and the hard layer. The
experimental offset field compares best with the spatial average of the sum of
these stray fields, thereby providing guidelines for the offset field
engineering.Comment: Special issue of J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys (2019) on STT-MRA
Gilbert damping of high anisotropy Co/Pt multilayers
Using broadband ferromagnetic resonance, we measure the damping parameter of
[Co(5 \r{A})/Pt(3 \r{A})] multilayers whose growth was optimized to
maximize the perpendicular anisotropy. Structural characterizations indicate
abrupt interfaces essentially free of intermixing despite the miscible
character of Co and Pt. Gilbert damping parameters as low as 0.021 can be
obtained despite a magneto-crystalline anisotropy as large as
. The inhomogeneous broadening accounts for part of the
ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, indicating some structural disorder leading
to a equivalent 20 mT of inhomogenity of the effective field. The unexpectedly
relatively low damping factor indicates that the presence of the Pt heavy metal
within the multilayer may not be detrimental to the damping provided that
intermixing is avoided at the Co/Pt interfaces
Anaphe - OO Libraries and Tools for Data Analysis
The Anaphe project is an ongoing effort to provide an Object Oriented software environment for data analysis in HENP experiments. A range of commercial and public domain libraries is used to cover basic functionalities; on top of these libraries a set of HENP-specific C++ class libraries for histogram management, fitting, plotting and ntuple-like data analysis has been developed. In order to comply with the user requirements for a command-line driven tool, we have chosen to use a scripting language (Python) as the front-end for a data analysis tool. The loose coupling provided by the consequent use of (AIDA compliant) Abstract Interfaces for each component in combination with the use of shared libraries for their implementation provides an easy integration of existing libraries into modern scripting languages thus allowing for rapid application development. This integration is simplified even further using a specialised toolkit (SWIG) to create "shadow classes" for the Python language, which map the definitions of the Abstract Interfaces almost at a one-to-one level. This paper will give an overview of the architecture and design choices and will present the current status and future developments of the project
A quantum sensing metrology for magnetic memories
Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is a leading emergent memory technology
that is poised to replace current non-volatile memory technologies such as
eFlash. However, the scaling of MRAM technologies is heavily affected by
device-to-device variability rooted in the stochastic nature of the MRAM
writing process into nanoscale magnetic layers. Here, we introduce a
non-contact metrology technique deploying Scanning NV Magnetometry (SNVM) to
investigate MRAM performance at the individual bit level. We demonstrate
magnetic reversal characterization in individual, < 60 nm sized bits, to
extract key magnetic properties, thermal stability, and switching statistics,
and thereby gauge bit-to-bit uniformity. We showcase the performance of our
method by benchmarking two distinct bit etching processes immediately after
pattern formation. Unlike previous methods, our approach unveils marked
differences in switching behaviour of fully contacted MRAM devices stemming
from these processes. Our findings highlight the potential of nanoscale quantum
sensing of MRAM devices for early-stage screening in the processing line,
paving the way for future incorporation of this nanoscale characterization tool
in the semiconductor industry
Multi-principal element alloy discovery using directed energy deposition and machine learning
Multi-principal element alloys open large composition spaces for alloy
development. The large compositional space necessitates rapid synthesis and
characterization to identify promising materials, as well as predictive
strategies for alloy design. Additive manufacturing via directed energy
deposition is demonstrated as a high-throughput technique for synthesizing
alloys in the Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni quaternary system. More than 100 compositions are
synthesized in a week, exploring a broad range of compositional space. Uniform
compositional control to within +/-5 at% is achievable. The rapid synthesis is
combined with conjoint sample heat treatment (25 samples vs 1 sample), and
automated characterization including X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy, and nano-hardness measurements. The datasets of measured
properties are then used for a predictive strengthening model using an active
machine learning algorithm that balances exploitation and exploration. A
learned parameter that represents lattice distortion is trained using the alloy
compositions. This combination of rapid synthesis, characterization, and active
learning model results in new alloys that are significantly stronger than
previous investigated alloys
SOT-MRAM 300mm integration for low power and ultrafast embedded memories
We demonstrate for the first time full-scale integration of top-pinned
perpendicular MTJ on 300 mm wafer using CMOS-compatible processes for
spin-orbit torque (SOT)-MRAM architectures. We show that 62 nm devices with a
W-based SOT underlayer have very large endurance (> 5x10^10), sub-ns switching
time of 210 ps, and operate with power as low as 300 pJ.Comment: presented at VLSI2018 session C8-
- …