61,963 research outputs found
Electronic oscillations in paired polyacetylene chains
An interacting pair of polyacetylene chains are initially modeled as a couple
of undimerized polymers described by a Hamiltonian based on the tight-binding
model representing the electronic behavior along the linear chain, plus a
Dirac's potential double well representing the interaction between the chains.
A theoretical field formalism is employed, and we find that the system exhibits
a gap in its energy band due to the presence of a mass-matrix term in the
Dirac's Lagrangian that describes the system. The Peierls instability is
introduced in the chains by coupling a scalar field to the fermions of the
theory via spontaneous symmetry breaking, to obtain a kink-like soliton, which
separates two vacuum regions, i.e., two spacial configurations (enantiomers) of
the each molecule. Since that mass-matrix and the pseudo-spin operator do not
commute in the same quantum representation, we demonstrate that there is a
particle oscillation phenomenon with a periodicity equivalent to the Bloch
oscillations.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure.to appear in Solid State Communication
Photon mass as a probe to extra dimensions
In this manuscript we show that the geometrical localization mechanism
implies a four dimensional mass for the photon. The consistence of the model
provides a mass given exactly by where is the Ricci
scalar. As a consequence, the cosmological photon has a mass related to the
vacuum solution of the Einstein equation. At the present age of the universe we
have a dS vacuum with , where Lambda is a positive cosmological
constant. With this we find that kg, which
is below the present experimental upper bounds, and such correction may be
observed in the next years with more precise measurements. By considering the
value of inside some astrophysical sources and environments we find that
the bound is also satisfied. The experimental verification of this mass, beyond
pointing to the existence of extra dimensions, would imply in a fundamental
change in cosmology, astrophysics and in particle physics since the same
mechanism is valid for non-abelian gauge fields.Comment: 4 page
Growth-Driven Percolations: The Dynamics of Community Formation in Neuronal Systems
The quintessential property of neuronal systems is their intensive patterns
of selective synaptic connections. The current work describes a physics-based
approach to neuronal shape modeling and synthesis and its consideration for the
simulation of neuronal development and the formation of neuronal communities.
Starting from images of real neurons, geometrical measurements are obtained and
used to construct probabilistic models which can be subsequently sampled in
order to produce morphologically realistic neuronal cells. Such cells are
progressively grown while monitoring their connections along time, which are
analysed in terms of percolation concepts. However, unlike traditional
percolation, the critical point is verified along the growth stages, not the
density of cells, which remains constant throughout the neuronal growth
dynamics. It is shown, through simulations, that growing beta cells tend to
reach percolation sooner than the alpha counterparts with the same diameter.
Also, the percolation becomes more abrupt for higher densities of cells, being
markedly sharper for the beta cells.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure
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