Resistance to neurotoxic insecticides in populations of the coffee leafminer Leucoptera coffeella

Coffee leafminer Leucoptera coffeella is an important pest on coffee. The continued use of chemicals can result in loss of efficacy and selection of leafminer-resistant populations. We aimed to identify L. coffeella populations resistant to old and new neurotoxic insecticides in regions of Brazil. We collected seven populations of L. coffeella in Brazil. Low levels of resistance were observed for the insecticides chlorantraniliprole (1.02-3.23 times), abamectin (1.19-4.80 times), and deltamethrin (1.05-5.35 times). High resistance levels were observed for profenofos (65.3-522 times) and chlorpyrifos (4.53-18.63 times). We conclude that Brazilian L. coffeella populations showed greater resistance to organophosphate insecticides. Furthermore, resistance may be associated with the distance between the coffee-producing regions