BIOLOGÍA DE Carcelia reclinata Robineau Desvoidy (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO

En México se ha estudiado poco acerca de temas relacionados con la utilización de insectos parasitoides para el control biológico. La mayoría de las investigaciones están enfocadas a hymenópteros, principalmente de la superfamilia Grammatoidea, y se ha dejado de lado a los demás organismos con gran potencial para el control de plagas agrícolas. La familia Tachinidae es de las más grandes del orden Diptera. Los catálogos recientes registran en total 8,200 especies para todas las regiones zoogeográficas. La mayoría de sus miembros presentan hábitos de parasitismo y, casi sin excepción, en su estado larval son endoparásitos de otros insectos, principalmente de los órdenes Lepidoptera y Coleoptera. A la fecha se ha trabajado sólo en el extranjero con especies mexicanas y no existen datos bibliográficos de estudios realizados en nuestro país al respecto. El taquínido Carcelia reclinata (Robinueau Desvoidy) es un parasitoide polífago de Estigmene acraea (Drury) y otros lepidópteros defoliadores. El propósito de este trabajo fue describir cada uno de sus estados biológicos y desarrollar su ciclo biológico

Potential Anticancer Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Fruits of Different Color: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence

Pomegranate (PMG; Punica granatum L.) fruits possess a well-balanced nutrient/phytochemical composition, with proven adjuvant benefits in experimental cancer chemotherapy; however, such bioactivity could be affected by PMG’s phenogenotype (varietal). Here, the chemical and phytochemical (UPLC-DAD-MS2) composition, antioxidant capacity and anticancer potential [in vitro (MTT assay) and in silico (foodinformatics)] of three PMG fruits of different aryl color [red (cv. Wonderful), pink (cv. Molar de Elche), and white (cv. Indian)] were evaluated. The macro/micronutrient (ascorbic acid, tocols, carotenoids), organic acid (citric/malic), and polyphenol content were changed by PMG’s varietal and total antioxidant activity (ABTS, alcoholic > hexane extract) in the order of red > pink > white. However, their in vitro cytotoxicity was the same (IC50 > 200 μg.mL−1) against normal (retinal) and cancer (breast, lung, colorectal) cell lines. Sixteen major phytochemicals were tentatively identified, four of them with a high GI absorption/bioavailability score [Ellagic (pink), vanillic (red), gallic (white) acids, D-(+)-catechin (white)] and three of them with multiple molecular targets [Ellagic (52) > vanillic (32) > gallic (23)] associated with anticancer (at initiation and promotion stages) activity. The anticancer potential of the PMG fruit is phenogenotype-specific, although it could be more effective in nutraceutical formulations (concentrates)

Potential Anticancer Activity of Pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) Fruits of Different Color: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence

Pomegranate (PMG; Punica granatum L.) fruits possess a well-balanced nutrient/phytochemical composition, with proven adjuvant benefits in experimental cancer chemotherapy; however, such bioactivity could be affected by PMG’s phenogenotype (varietal). Here, the chemical and phytochemical (UPLC-DAD-MS2) composition, antioxidant capacity and anticancer potential [in vitro (MTT assay) and in silico (foodinformatics)] of three PMG fruits of different aryl color [red (cv. Wonderful), pink (cv. Molar de Elche), and white (cv. Indian)] were evaluated. The macro/micronutrient (ascorbic acid, tocols, carotenoids), organic acid (citric/malic), and polyphenol content were changed by PMG’s varietal and total antioxidant activity (ABTS, alcoholic > hexane extract) in the order of red > pink > white. However, their in vitro cytotoxicity was the same (IC50 > 200 μg.mL−1) against normal (retinal) and cancer (breast, lung, colorectal) cell lines. Sixteen major phytochemicals were tentatively identified, four of them with a high GI absorption/bioavailability score [Ellagic (pink), vanillic (red), gallic (white) acids, D-(+)-catechin (white)] and three of them with multiple molecular targets [Ellagic (52) > vanillic (32) > gallic (23)] associated with anticancer (at initiation and promotion stages) activity. The anticancer potential of the PMG fruit is phenogenotype-specific, although it could be more effective in nutraceutical formulations (concentrates)

Position statement on the use of albumin in liver cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is characterized by a prolonged asymptomatic period in which the inflammation persists, increasing as the disease progresses. Proinflammatory cytokines and pro-oxidant molecules are key in the development of organ dysfunction. Cirrhosis progression and worsening of portal hypertension bring about bacterial translocation and systemic dissemination via portal circulation of bacterial products, and molecular patterns associated with damage, which exacerbate the systemic Inflammation. Albumin is a molecule that undergoes structural and functional changes as liver damage progresses, affecting its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, oncotic, and endothelial stabilizing properties. Our knowledge of the properties of albumin reveals a molecule with multiple treatment options, capable of targeting several physiopathological aspects of cirrhosis. For the elaboration of the present manuscript on the uses of albumin in liver cirrhosis, several experts in the field of hepatology in Mexico were divided into 5 working groups to summarise and formulate, when appropriate, position statements: 1)pathophysiology of cirrhosis and properties of albumin; 2)proven uses of albumin [large-volume paracentesis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)]; 3)controversial/emerging uses of albumin (long-term use, acute decompensation, liver transplant, non-HRS kidney injury, muscle cramps, non-SBP infections, hyponatremia, encephalopathy); 4)use of albumin in acute-on-chronic liver failure, immunomodulation, and systemic Inflammation; 5)pharmacoeconomics