Efeito do sentido de aplicação da banda neuromuscular no tempo de reação do longo peroneal e na oscilação postural

Mestrado em FisioterapiaIntroduction: Ankle sprains are a common injury and fibularis longus plays an important role improving functional stability. Neuromuscular tape seems to improve muscle force, although little is known regarding its effect on latency time and postural sway. Objectives: To examine the effects of Neuromuscular Taping on fibularis longus latency time and postural sway in healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty subjects were randomized into the experimental group 1 (n=10, age 22.4 ± 3.0 years), experimental group 2 (n=10, age 22.6 ± 2.37 years) and control groups (n=10, age 23.5 ± 6.3 years). Before and after the intervention, postural sway was assessed on a force plate and fibularis longus latency time was recorded with surface electromyography during a sudden inversion perturbation. In the experimental group 1, the Neuromuscular Tape was applied from the origin to the insertion of the fibularis longus and then subjects rested with the tape applied during 20 minutes. In the experimental group 2, the Neuromuscular Tape was applied from the insertion to the origin of the fibularis longus and then subjects rested with the tape applied during 20 minutes. The control group rested during the same period without Neuromuscular Tape. Results: At baseline, no differences were found between groups regarding age, anthropometrics variables, postural sway, fibularis longus latency time, peak (%) and peak time. No significant differences were observed within each group between baseline and postintervention measures of Postural Sway (CoPx, p= .485; CoPy, p=.995; Total CoP, p= .983; CoP velocity, p=.979; CoP area, p=.506) and EMG (FLTL, p= .548; peak percentage, p=.185; peak time, p=.748). Conclusion: Neuromuscular tape did not enhance peroneal reaction time and postural sway in young healthy subjects.Introdução: O entorse da Tibiotársica é uma lesão comum e o músculo Longo Peroneal tem um papel importante na estabilidade funcional da articulação. As Bandas Neuromusculares parecem melhorar a força muscular, embora pouco se sabe sobre o seu efeito no tempo de latência e na estabilidade postural. Objetivos: Verificar o efeito das Bandas Neuromusculares no Tempo de Latência do Longo Peroneal e na estabilidade postural em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Trinta indivíduos foram randomizados para o grupo experimental 1 (n=10, idade 22.4 ± 3.0 anos), grupo experimental 2 (n=10, idade 22.6 ± 2.37 anos) e no grupo de controlo (n=10, idade 23.5 ± 6.3 anos). No grupo experimental 1, as bandas neuromusculares foram aplicadas desde a origem até à inserção do longo peroneal. No grupo experimental 2, as bandas neuromusculares foram aplicadas da inserção para a origem do longo peroneal. Após a aplicação da banda os elementos dos dois grupos experimentais permaneceram em repouso durante vinte minutos. No grupo de controlo não foi aplicada qualquer banda neuromuscular, tendo os invidíduos permanecido em em repouso ao longo de 20 minutos. Antes e após os 20 minutos de intervenção/controlo, a estabilidade postural foi avaliada numa plataforma de forças e o tempo de latência do longo peroneal foi avaliado com eletromiografia de superfície no decurso de uma perturbação forçada por inversão da tiobiotársica. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças entre grupos tendo em conta a idade, variáveis antropométricas, estabilidade postural, tempo de latência do longo peroneal, percentagem do pico de contração e tempo do pico de contração. Não foram encontradas diferenças dentro de cada grupo entre os valores antes e após-intervenção na estabilidade postural (CoPx, p= .485; CoPy, p=.995; CoP Total, p= .983; velocidade do CoP, p=.979; área do CoP, p=.506) e na eletromiografia (tempo de latência do longo peroneal, p= .548; percentagem do pico, p=.185; tempo do pico, p=.748). Conclusão: As bandas neuromusculares não melhoram o tempo de latência do longo peroneal e a estabilidade postural em jovem adultos saudáveis

Visualization of CD4/CD8 T Cell Commitment

A system to innocuously visualize T cell lineage commitment is described. Using a “knock-in” approach, we have generated mice expressing a β-galactosidase reporter in place of CD4; expression of β-galactosidase in these animals appears to be an accurate and early indicator of CD4 gene transcription. We have exploited this knock-in line to trace CD4/CD8 lineage commitment in the thymus, avoiding important pitfalls of past experimental approaches. Our results argue in favor of a selective model of thymocyte commitment, demonstrating a fundamentally symmetrical process: engagement of either class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule by a differentiating CD4+CD8+ cell can give rise to T cell antigen receptor (TCR)hi thymocytes of either lineage. Key findings include (a) direct demonstration of a substantial number of CD4-committed, receptor/coreceptor-mismatched cells in MHC class II– deficient mice, a critical prediction of the selective model; (b) highly efficient rescue of such “mismatched” intermediates by forced expression of CD8 in a TCR transgenic line, and an explanation of why previous experiments of this nature were less successful—a major past criticism of the selective model; (c) direct demonstration of an analogous, though smaller, population of CD8-committed mismatched intermediates in class I–deficient animals. Finally, we found no evidence of a CD4 default pathway

Adaptive Penalty and Barrier function based on Fuzzy Logic

Optimization methods have been used in many areas of knowledge, such as Engineering, Statistics, Chemistry, among others, to solve optimization problems. In many cases it is not possible to use derivative methods, due to the characteristics of the problem to be solved and/or its constraints, for example if the involved functions are non-smooth and/or their derivatives are not know. To solve this type of problems a Java based API has been implemented, which includes only derivative-free optimization methods, and that can be used to solve both constrained and unconstrained problems. For solving constrained problems, the classic Penalty and Barrier functions were included in the API. In this paper a new approach to Penalty and Barrier functions, based on Fuzzy Logic, is proposed. Two penalty functions, that impose a progressive penalization to solutions that violate the constraints, are discussed. The implemented functions impose a low penalization when the violation of the constraints is low and a heavy penalty when the violation is high. Numerical results, obtained using twenty-eight test problems, comparing the proposed Fuzzy Logic based functions to six of the classic Penalty and Barrier functions are presented. Considering the achieved results, it can be concluded that the proposed penalty functions besides being very robust also have a very good performance

An active control concept for the TALC space telescope

Cet article présente un modèle dynamique simplifié du télescope de TALC. Malgré sa simplicité, il est représentatif d?une partie de la dynamique du système, qui ont permis l'élaboration de stratégies de contrôle préliminaires pour amortir les résonances du système. En utilisant des câbles actifs, il a été montré que les résonances peuvent être amorties de façon significative, et que l'autorité du contrôle augmente avec le nombre de câbles actifs. En outre, il a été montré que, même avec une faible valeur du gain de commande, la valeur efficace d'une grandeur représentative du chemin optique peut être réduite par un facteur trois

Neuromuscular taping does not change fibularis longus latency time and postural sway

Ankle sprains are a common injury and fibularis longus plays an important role improving functional stability. Neuromuscular tape seems to improve muscle force, although little is known regarding its effect on latency time.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An extrasolar planetary system with three Neptune-mass planets

Over the past two years, the search for low-mass extrasolar planets has led to the detection of seven so-called 'hot Neptunes' or 'super-Earths' around Sun-like stars. These planets have masses 5-20 times larger than the Earth and are mainly found on close-in orbits with periods of 2-15 days. Here we report a system of three Neptune-mass planets with periods of 8.67, 31.6 and 197 days, orbiting the nearby star HD 69830. This star was already known to show an infrared excess possibly caused by an asteroid belt within 1 AU (the Sun-Earth distance). Simulations show that the system is in a dynamically stable configuration. Theoretical calculations favour a mainly rocky composition for both inner planets, while the outer planet probably has a significant gaseous envelope surrounding its rocky/icy core; the outer planet orbits within the habitable zone of this star.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, preprint of the paper published in Nature on May 18, 200

DR9.3 Final report of the JRRM and ASM activities

Deliverable del projecte europeu NEWCOM++This deliverable provides the final report with the summary of the activities carried out in NEWCOM++ WPR9, with a particular focus on those obtained during the last year. They address on the one hand RRM and JRRM strategies in heterogeneous scenarios and, on the other hand, spectrum management and opportunistic spectrum access to achieve an efficient spectrum usage. Main outcomes of the workpackage as well as integration indicators are also summarised.Postprint (published version

Early survival and growth plasticity of 33 species planted in 38 arboreta across the European Atlantic area

To anticipate European climate scenarios for the end of the century, we explored the climate gradient within the REINFFORCE (RÉseau INFrastructure de recherche pour le suivi et l’adaptation des FORêts au Changement climatiquE) arboreta network, established in 38 sites between latitudes 37 and 57 , where 33 tree species are represented. We aim to determine which climatic variables best explain their survival and growth, and identify those species that are more tolerant of climate variation and those of which the growth and survival future climate might constrain. We used empirical models to determine the best climatic predictor variables that explain tree survival and growth. Precipitation-transfer distance was most important for the survival of broadleaved species, whereas growing-season-degree days best explained conifer-tree survival. Growth (annual height increment) was mainly explained by a derived annual dryness index (ADI) for both conifers and broadleaved trees. Species that showed the greatest variation in survival and growth in response to climatic variation included Betula pendula Roth, Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don, and those that were least affected included Quercus shumardii Buckland and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold. We also demonstrated that provenance differences were significant for Pinus pinea L., Quercus robur L., and Ceratonia siliqua L. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of infrastructures along a climatic gradient like REINFFORCE to determine major tendencies of tree species responding to climate changesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Role of the carboxyl terminal di-leucine in phosphorylation and internalization of C5a receptor

AbstractThe carboxyl tail of G protein-coupled receptors contains motifs that regulate receptor interactions with intracellular partners. Activation of the human neutrophil complement fragment C5a receptor (C5aR) is terminated by phosphorylation of the carboxyl tail followed by receptor internalization. In this study, we demonstrated that bulky hydrophobic residues in the membrane-proximal region of the C5aR carboxyl tail play an important role in proper structure and function of the receptor: Substitution of leucine 319 with alanine (L319A) resulted in receptor retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas a L318A substitution allowed receptor transport to the cell surface, but showed slow internalization upon activation, presumably due to a defect in phosphorylation by both PKC and GRK. Normal agonist-induced activation of ERK1/2 and intracellular calcium release suggested that the L318A mutation did not affect receptor signaling. Binding of GRK2 and PKCβII to intracellular loop 3 of C5aR in vitro indicated that mutagenesis of L318 did not affect kinase binding. Limited proteolysis with trypsin revealed a conformational difference between wild type and mutant receptor. Our studies support a model in which the L318/L319 stabilizes an amphipathic helix (Q305–R320) in the membrane-proximal region of C5aR