Endotyping of non-allergic, allergic and mixed rhinitis patients using a broad panel of biomarkers in nasal secretions - Fig 2

<p><b>(A and B). Cytokines that were (significantly) different between groups: IL12 (A) and HGF (B).</b> (A and B): Expression of cytokines (pg/mL) in nasal lavage fluid in a healthy control group and in mixed, non-allergic (NAR) and allergic (AR) rhinitis patient groups. Individual concentrations are represented with a symbol; median concentration levels per group are represented with a horizontal line. * IL12 is significantly lower in mixed versus healthy controls. ** IL12 is significantly lower in AR and mixed versus NAR.</p

Contribution of individual cytokines to the principal components.

<p>Contribution of individual cytokines to the principal components.</p

Cytokine levels in nasal secretions.

<p>Cytokine levels in nasal secretions.</p

Function of measured cytokines.

<p>Function of measured cytokines.</p

NAR phenotypes and endotypes.

<p>NAR phenotypes and endotypes.</p

Proportion of contribution to total variance of principal components.

<p>Proportion of contribution to total variance of principal components.</p

The endocrine function of adipose tissue and its importance for initiation and development of insulin resistance and diabetes

Endocrine production of adipose tissue is a very complex process affected by numerous endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPAR-) are important modulators of metabolic processes which can also affect endocrine function of adipose tissue. Recently, numerous novel factors produced by adipose tissue with important metabolic effects were identified. Some of them can directly bind PPAR receptors. One of the examples of these factors is fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) which can directly bind PPAR receptors and indirectly modify its activation by changing availability of endogenous PPAR ligands -free fatty acids. We hypothesized that the mechanism of action of PPAR receptors to metabolic processes may partially lie in their complex interaction with adipose tissue-derived hormones. The unraveling of these interactions may have important consequences in finding approaches to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (...) In summary, our data show an important role for the interplay of PPAR activation and endocrine function of adipose tissue in metabolic regulations which may have important clinical consequences

The fold change (FC) induced by different TLR agonists, calculated from the area under the curve for <i>IL33</i>) in a time course over 8 hours in healthy and polyp derived airway epithelium.

<p>The value represents an average cumulative gene expression to the TLR agonists in epithelial cells isolated from 6 healthy controls and 5 polyps with a standard deviation. Statistical significance comparing the differences in cumulative gene expression levels between normal or polyp epithelium is indicated as <i>p</i> value.</p

Immunohistochemical staining of a section of human oral mucosa.

<p>Staining of dendritic cell subsets was performed with specific markers: A. CD207 (langerin), B. CD1a, C. CD1c (BDCA-1), D. CD141 (BDCA-3), E. CD303 (BDCA-2), and F. CD304 (BDCA-4). Counterstained with hematoxyline. Original magnification 100x</p

The fold change (FC) induced by different TLR agonists, calculated from the area under the curve for <i>TSLP</i> in a time course over 8 hours in healthy and polyp derived airway epithelium.

<p>The value represents an average cumulative gene expression to the TLR agonists in epithelial cells isolated from 6 healthy controls and 5 polyps with a standard deviation. Statistical significance comparing the differences in cumulative gene expression levels between normal or polyp epithelium is indicated as <i>p</i> value.</p