Baclofen but Not Diazepam Alleviates Alcohol-Seeking Behavior and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Stressed Withdrawn Mice

This study compares the impact of repeated injections of baclofen (an agonist of GABAB receptors) or diazepam (a benzodiazepine having an agonist action on GABAA receptors) given during the alcohol-withdrawal period on the stress-induced restoration of alcohol-seeking behavior and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction after a long (4 weeks) abstinence. Thus, C57BL/6 mice were submitted to a 6-month alcohol consumption [12% volume/volume (v/v)] and were progressively withdrawn to water before testing. Diazepam (Valium®, Roche) and baclofen (Baclofen®, Mylan) were administered intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days (1 injection/day) during the withdrawal period at decreasing doses ranging from 1.0 mg/kg (Day 15) to 0.25 mg/kg (Day 1) for diazepam and from 1.5 mg/kg (Day 15) to 0.37 mg/kg (Day 1) for baclofen. Alcohol-seeking behavior was evaluated by alcohol-place preference in an odor recognition task. In the stress condition, mice received three electric footshocks 45 min before behavioral testing. Blood was sampled immediately after behavioral testing, and plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured by commercial enzyme immunoassay kits. Results showed that non-stressed withdrawn mice did not exhibit alcohol-place preference or alteration of plasma corticosterone concentrations relative to water controls. After stress, however, withdrawn mice exhibited a significant alcohol-place preference and higher circulating corticosterone concentrations as compared to stressed water controls. Interestingly, repeated administration during the withdrawal phase of baclofen but not diazepam suppressed both the alcohol-place preference and normalized corticosterone levels in stressed withdrawn animals. In conclusion, this study evidences that a pre-treatment with baclofen but not with diazepam during the withdrawal phase normalized, even after a long period of abstinence, the HPA axis response to stress, which contributes to the long-term preventing effects of this compound on alcohol-seeking behavior

Organisation des systemes monoaminergiques dans l'encephale d'un poisson (Clarias gariepinus) et de deux amphibiens (Triturus alpestris et Xenopus laevis): etude par histofluorescence et immunohistochimie

SIGLEINIST T 76022 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Integrated Generation of Graphics and Text: A Corpus Study

We describe the results of a corpus study of more than 400 text excerpts that accompany graphics. We show that text and graphics play complementary roles in transmitting informa- tion from the writer to the reader and derive some observations for the automatic generation cf texts associated with graphics. For the past fe

Olfactory and gustatory behaviour by larvae of Lobesia botrana in response to Botrytis cinerea

International audienceIn vineyards, larvae of Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Botrytis cinerea (Persoon: Fries) often occur together This study was carried out to establish whether first instar larvae are attracted by the fungus. Olfactory and gustatory responses of larvae to the fungus were investigated on grape berry clusters (Vitis vinifera) and in two types of olfactometer. In clusters infected partly by B. cinerea, 82% of first instar larvae settled where berries had been infected. In the olfactometers, first instar larvae detected and discriminated between two tested foods. They significantly preferred synthetic media or grape berries (cv., 'Alphonse Lavallee' or 'Cabernet Sauvignon') infected with B. cinerea to non-infected controls. The olfactory response led to 62.2% to 72.6% of the first instar larvae attracted by the fungus and the association of olfactory with gustatory responses resulted in similar rates (64.1% to 81.6%). So, the larvae were most attracted by synthetic media or grape berries infected by the fungus as compared to the controls. Olfaction appears to be the main sense involved in this attraction process

Mutualisme entre Botrytis cinerea et Lobesia botrana : effet bénéfique du champignon sur l'insecte

International audienc

Botrytis-Eudémis : une union à bénéfices réciproques

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Impact de Botrytis cinerea sur le comportment alimentaire de Lobesia botrana

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Mutualism between Botrytis cinerea and the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana) : in vivo and in vitro studies

International audienc

Impact de Botrytis cinerea sur le comportement alimentaire et le développement de Lobesia botrana

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