Studies on natural immunity in the cat

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Kansas, Bacteriology, 1940

The Cultivation of Bacterium tularense in Embryonated Eggs

cultivated a variety of bacterial species in embryonated eggs. The method has proved useful in the study of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and offers a means for cultivation of organsms in the presence of living tissue. The use of the embryonated egg as a source of material for vaccines is well established for the rickettsiae and viruses. In tularemia a very solid immunity is established in man by infection, but pro-phylactic vaccination with killed cultures, while helpful, does not afford so solid an immunity as an attack of the disease. It might be surmised that an effective antigen is produced in the presence of living tissue that is not produced in arti-ficial culture media. We were, consequently, interested in exploring the pos-sibility that Bacterium tularense when grown in the presence of living cells in embryonated eggs might be a better antigen than when grown in vitro. Before undertaking this problem, however, it was deemed advisable to obtain certain data on the behavior and characteristics of the organisms in this milieu, in which it propagates readily (Buddingh and Womack, 1941; Ransmeier, 1943; Larson

The Relationship of Varicella and Herpes Zoster: Electron Microscope Studies

The possible relationship or even identity of the viruses of varicella and herpes zoster was first suggested 40 years ago by von Bokay (1909). Since that time papers too numerous for detailed consideration have appeared in support of, or opposition to, the hypothesis of close relationship or identity. Reviews are to be found in papers by Rivers and Eldridge (1929a,b) and by Amies (1934). In general, it may be stated that today most observers believe that many, if not all, cases of herpes zoster are caused by the virus of varicella, and that they in turn can give rise to new cases of variceila. Kundratitz (1925), by the inoculation of clear fluid from vesicles of herpes zoster, obtained typical zoster lesions, localized clear vesicles on a reddish base, in 14 of 28 children who had not had varicella previously. He failed to transmit the disease to 10 who gave previous histories of varicella. Of the 14 children with no history of varicella who did not develop zoster, 3 showed typical varicella. All inoculations were made into light scarifi-cations on the skin. The incubation period was from 9 to 14 days. Successful inoculation of zoster rendered children immune to subsequent inoculation wit