Airport Choice Model in Multiple Airport Regions

Purpose: This study aims to analyze travel choices made by air transportation users in multi airport regions because it is a crucial component when planning passenger redistribution policies. The purpose of this study is to find a utility function which makes it possible to know the variables that influence users’ choice of the airports on routes to the main cities in the Colombian territory. Design/methodology: This research generates a Multinomial Logit Model (MNL), which is based on the theory of maximizing utility, and it is based on the data obtained on revealed and stated preference surveys applied to users who reside in the metropolitan area of Aburrá Valley (Colombia). This zone is the only one in the Colombian territory which has two neighboring airports for domestic flights. The airports included in the modeling process were Enrique Olaya Herrera (EOH) Airport and José María Córdova (JMC) Airport. Several structure models were tested, and the MNL proved to be the most significant revealing the common variables that affect passenger airport choice include the airfare, the price to travel the airport, and the time to get to the airport. Findings and Originality/value: The airport choice model which was calibrated corresponds to a valid powerful tool used to calculate the probability of each analyzed airport of being chosen for domestic flights in the Colombian territory. This is done bearing in mind specific characteristic of each of the attributes contained in the utility function. In addition, these probabilities will be used to calculate future market shares of the two airports considered in this study, and this will be done generating a support tool for airport and airline marketing policies.Peer Reviewe

Double-Acting Batch Reverse Osmosis Configuration for Best-In-Class Efficiency and Low Downtime

Energy consumption in reverse osmosis has decreased substantially over the last few decades thanks to the implementation of energy recovery devices, high efficiency pumps, and improved membranes. However, to further increase the adoption of the technology, its energy needs must still be reduced. Batch and semi-batch reverse osmosis configurations have shown potential to be the most energy efficient reverse osmosis variants, but have remaining inefficiencies from brine mixing and high downtime. In this study, we modeled in new detail a further improved double-acting batch reverse osmosis system that uses a high-pressure tank with a reciprocating piston. A high-pressure pump is used to fill the inactive side of the high pressure tank with feed that pressurizes the reverse osmosis system during the permeate production stage; the feed is then used as the working fluid for the next cycle of the system. Additionally, to account for the dynamic behavior of the system under different operational conditions, a hydraulic simulation model was developed to accurately predict the evolution of the pressure and other important parameters over time. A specific energy consumption of 1.88 kWh/m3 was calculated for seawater with a salinity of 35 g/kg, recovery of 50%, and a permeate flux of 15 LHM, and lower values SEC were obtained for lower permeate fluxes. Moreover, the downtime was found to be below 10% of the cycle time, without significantly increase the energy consumption of the system. This design also showed the potential to reduce the start-up time compared to previously proposed batch RO configurations. Energy consumption in reverse osmosis has decreased substantially over the last few decades thanks to the implementation of energy recovery devices, high efficiency pumps, and improved membranes. However, to further increase the adoption of the technology, its energy needs must still be reduced. Batch and semi-batch reverse osmosis configurations have shown potential to be the most energy efficient reverse osmosis variants, but have remaining inefficiencies from brine mixing and high downtime. In this study, we modeled in new detail a further improved double-acting batch reverse osmosis system that uses a high-pressure tank with a reciprocating piston. A high-pressure pump is used to fill the inactive side of the high pressure tank with feed that pressurizes the reverse osmosis system during the permeate production stage; the feed is then used as the working fluid for the next cycle of the system. Additionally, to account for the dynamic behavior of the system under different operational conditions, a hydraulic simulation model was developed to accurately predict the evolution of the pressure and other important parameters over time. A specific energy consumption of 1.88 kWh/m3 was calculated for seawater with a salinity of 35 g/kg, recovery of 50%, and a permeate flux of 15 LHM, and lower values SEC were obtained for lower permeate fluxes. Moreover, the downtime was found to be below 10% of the cycle time, without significantly increase the energy consumption of the system. This design also showed the potential to reduce the start-up time compared to previously proposed batch RO configurations

Impacto de la Implementación Política Pública Mujer y Equidad de Genero en el Municipio San Vicente del Caguán Caquetá 2016 2019

La desigualdad de las mujeres “constituye un caso especial entre todas las discriminaciones sociales. En efecto, a diferencia de otros casos, no constituyen una clase social, ni un grupo específico; no son una comunidad, ni una minoría social o racial, atraviesan todos los grupos y pueblos y, en todos ellos, son una inseparable mitad. Acabar con las condiciones que han permitido su desigualdad social y política sería, después de la liberación de los esclavos, la mayor revolución emancipadora”. (CEPAL, 2010). El fenómeno de la desigualad de género constituye, quizás, el factor más crítico en los municipios apartados del centro del país. Por tanto, se ha vuelto asunto de vital importancia, dado que no permite avanzar en las metas trazadas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, y representa una gran preocupación porque en la gran mayoría de casos es abandono estatal el cual representa un alto costo económico y social en el desarrollo de la región. Esta investigación tiene como propósito aportar datos y recomendaciones del Impacto de la implementación de política pública “Mujer y Equidad de Género en el municipio de San Vicente del Caguán – Caquetá 2016 - 2019”, permitiendo disminuir la problemática social que vive el Municipio de San Vicente del Caguán – Caquetá, a través del conflicto intrafamiliar y social.   En la obtención de la información se trabajó juntamente con las organizaciones sociales de mujeres y equidad de género socializando experiencias significativas desarrolladas por los mismos, quienes han vivido las causas particulares de esta problemática. La igualdad de género no depende necesariamente de la cantidad de normas emitidas, las causales influyen según en el tipo de población y su capacidad socioeconómica, el gobierno ofrece muchas herramientas para combatir la desigualdad de género, sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos no se ha logrado la igualdad por la que tanto se ha luchado y legislado. Palabras Claves: Equidad, Genero, Impacto, Implementación y Políticas.The inequality of women “constitutes a special case among all social discriminations. Indeed, unlike other cases, they do not constitute a social class, nor a specific group; they are not a community, nor a social or racial minority, they cross all groups and peoples and, in all of them, they are an inseparable half. Ending the conditions that have allowed their social and political inequality would be, after the liberation of the slaves, the greatest emancipatory revolution”. (CEPAL, 2010). The phenomenon of gender inequality constitutes, perhaps, the most critical factor in municipalities far from the center of the country. Therefore, it has become a matter of vital importance, since it does not allow progress to be made on the goals set out in the Sustainable Development Goals, and represents a great concern because in the vast majority of cases it is state abandonment, which represents a high economic cost and social in the development of the region. The purpose of this research is to provide data and recommendations on the impact of the implementation of public policy "Women and Gender Equity in the municipality of San Vicente del Caguán - Caquetá 2016 - 2019", allowing to reduce the social problems experienced by the Municipality of San Vicente del Caguán - Caquetá, through intra-family and social conflict. In obtaining the information, we worked together with the social organizations for women and gender equality, socializing significant experiences developed by them, who have lived through the causes of this problem. Gender equality does not necessarily depend on the number of standards issued, the causes influence according to the type of population and their socioeconomic capacity, the government offers many tools to combat gender inequality, however, despite the efforts, it is not It has achieved equality for which so much has been fought and legislated. Keywords: Equity, Gender, Impact, Implementation of Politics

Implementación de criptografía post-cuántica NTRU en servicios HTTPS

Se estima que en pocas décadas podrían desarrollarse computadoras cuánticas con la cantidad suficiente de qubits necesaria para vulnerar los principales algoritmos criptográficos asimétricos actuales, y los mecanismos de intercambio de claves basados en Diffie-Hellman. Esto quiere decir que tecnologías como RSA, DSA o ECDH quedarían obsoletas. En este escenario, casi la totalidad de las comunicaciones basadas en SSL/TLS serían vulnerables, y esto incluye a protocolos tan comunes como HTTPS. Afortunadamente se están desarrollando alternativas resistentes al criptoanálisis cuántico, nuevos algoritmos que dan nombre a la criptografía post-cuántica. Si bien estos algoritmos se encuentran en etapas experimentales de desarrollo, ya existen bibliotecas de código que pueden ser integradas junto a implementaciones de protocolos que hacen uso de SSL/TLS. El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la integración de Apache2 con WolfSSL como capa de seguridad TLS con la intención de brindar un servicio HTTPS que utilice algoritmos post-cuánticos tanto en el intercambio de claves como en la ciphersuite de cifrado de tráfico.Fil: Cordoba, Diego. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional San Rafael; ArgentinaFil: Méndez, Miguel Ángel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad de Mendoza. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Universidad Atlantida Argentina; ArgentinaFil: García Gibout, Jorge. Universidad de Mendoza. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaOctavo Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Informática/Sistemas de InformaciónSan FranciscoArgentinaUniversidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional San Francisco. Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas de InformaciónRed de Carreras de Ingeniería en Informática / Sistemas de Información del CONFED

Session B9: Influence of Biometric Parameters, Flow Condition and Water Temperature on Iberian Fish Sprinting Behavior: Volitionally Swimming Performance

Abstract: Knowing the swimming ability of fish is important to detect movement limitations through hydraulic structures: fish passes weirs and slots, gauging stations, culverts, bridges foundations and other. All these obstacles are collectively referred to velocity barriers . Fish behavior will determine the passage of these structures through combination of fish swimming performance and motivation. Once the fish decides to enter the barrier, must swim faster than the speed of the flow to advance. Thus, the swimming performance depends on the fish speed and fatigue time. To estimate these values, we experimented in an open channel flow with fish samples of different size, swimming volitionally against several high-velocity flows and water temperature range. The movement of fish was controlled by PIT telemetry systems and video record. The information obtained (fish speed, ascend time and distance traveled) was processed using survival analysis techniques and the results can be applied to practical problem solving velocity barriers. We have worked with two species of Iberian fish: Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) and Northern straight-mouth nase (Pseudochondrostoma duriense). The biometrics parameters, flow velocity and water temperature have a significant influence in fish behavior. Endurance and swimming ability of these species do not differ greatly between them and is much higher than the values which are obtained using other methods as respirometers. The results challenge established fish passage guidelines, suggesting that in some cases these species are capable of passing much higher velocities than was previously believed

Contenido y comprensibilidad de consentimientos informados: estudio comparativo entre ciencias biomédicas y ciencias sociales

 Este estudio cuasi–experimental tuvo como objetivo comparar la comprensibilidad de un corpus de formatos de consentimiento informado provenientes de investigaciones en ciencias biomédicas y en ciencias sociales. La metodología implicó contrastar los consentimientos cualitativa y cuantitativamente en términos de su contenido, lecturabilidad y densidad conceptual. Los resultados revelaron que ninguna de los tipos de información estipuladas por la legislación (e.g., información sobre propósitos del estudio o procedimientos seguidos) fue incluida en la totalidad de los consentimientos analizados. Un análisis de conglomerados a partir de los índices de lecturabilidad y los índices de densidad conceptual identificó cuatro tipos de audiencias a quienes se dirigen los consentimientos: divulgación científica, especializada, general y lectores persistentes. Estas audiencias sugieren variación en la manera como los investigadores anticipan sus potenciales participantes y la manera como los formatos de consentimiento son redactados. Se observó que existe una asociación entre el tipo de audiencia anticipada por los investigadores y la disciplina a la cual corresponde la investigación. La dificultad de los formatos de ciencias biomédicas fue resultado de la inclusión de términos técnicos, mientras que la dificultad de los formatos de ciencias sociales es función de la variación en la lecturabilidad

The Mediterranean diet and incidence of hypertension: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study

The Mediterranean diet is receiving increasing attention in cardiovascular epidemiology. The association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of hypertension was evaluated among 9,408 men and women enrolled in a dynamic Spanish prospective cohort study during 1999–2005. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and a 9-point Mediterranean diet score was constructed. During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years (range, 1.9–7.9), 501 incident cases of hypertension were identified. After adjustment for major hypertension risk factors and nutritional covariates, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was not associated with hypertension (the hazard ratio was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.41) for moderate adherence and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.60) for high adherence). However, it was associated with reduced changes in mean levels of systolic blood pressure (moderate adherence, 2.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.0, 0.8); high adherence, 3.1 mm Hg (95% CI: 5.4, 0.8)) and diastolic blood pressure (moderate adherence, 1.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 2.5, 0.1); high adherence, 1.9 mm Hg (95% CI: 3.6, 0.1)) after 6 years of follow-up. These results suggest that adhering to a Mediterranean-type diet could contribute to the prevention of age-related changes in blood pressure

Fluxos brutos de capital de carteira de não residentes e residentes e o papel da política monetária

The objective of the study is to evaluate the main determinants of the Colombian gross portfolio inflows and outflows from non-resident and resident investors and to study the role of the interest rate of the domestic monetary policy. The conceptual framework is the standard portfolio model augmented with variables that measure push and pull factors and macroeconomic surprises.The regression model is an autoregressive vector with exogenous variables or VAR-X and the information is of monthly frequency for the period 2011 to 2020. The main results indicate that the policy interest rate does not turn out to be a statistically significant determinant of gross portfolio flows from non-resident and resident investors with the statistics used and during the analyzed period. In addition, the estimates show important differences in the responses to other domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks. Finally, there seems to be to some degree a substitution between portfolio capital outflows from non-residents and capital inflows from residents. This means that the movements of some investors cushion the exchange rate, balance of payments, and probably financial and macroeconomic effects of the others.El objetivo del estudio es evaluar los principales determinantes de los flujos brutos de entradas y salidas de capital de portafolio de Colombia de los inversionistas no residentes y residentes y, en particular, estudiar el rol de la tasa de interés de la política monetaria interna. El marco conceptual es el modelo estándar de portafolio aumentado con variables que miden factores de expulsión y atracción y medidas de sorpresas macroeconómicas. El modelo de regresión es un vector autorregresivo con variables exógenas o VAR-X. La información es de frecuencia mensual del periodo 2011 a 2020. Los resultados principales indican que la tasa de interés de política no resulta ser un determinante estadísticamente significativo de los flujos de portafolio de los inversionistas no residentes ni de los residentes con las estadísticas y durante el periodo analizados. Adicionalmente, las estimaciones evidencian diferencias importantes en las respuestas de los inversionistas no residentes y residentes ante otras perturbaciones macroeconómicas internas y externas. Finalmente, se comprueba que existe cierto grado de sustitución entre las salidas de capital de portafolio de los no residentes y las entradas de capital de los residentes. Esto significa que los movimientos de unos amortiguan los efectos cambiarios,de balanza de pagos y, probablemente, financieros y macroeconómicos de los otros.O objetivo do estudo é avaliar os principais determinantes das entradas e saídas brutas de carteira da Colômbia por investidores residentes e não residentes, bem como estudar o papel da taxa de juros da política monetária doméstica. O referencial conceitual é o modelo padrão de carteira acrescido de variáveis que mensuram fatores de atração e repulsão, além de surpresas macroeconômicas. O modelo de regressão é um vetor autorregressivo com variáveis exógenas, ou VAR-X, e as informações são de frequência mensal no período de 2011 a 2020. Os principais resultados indicam que a taxa de juros da política não se revela um determinante estatisticamente significativo dos fluxos brutos de carteira de investidores não residentes e residentes, com as estatísticas utilizadas, durante o período analisado. Além disso, as estimativas mostram diferenças importantes nas respostas aoutros choques macroeconômicos domésticos e estrangeiros. Por fim, parece haver, em certa medida, uma substituição entre as saídas de capital de carteira por parte de não residentes e as entradas de capital por parte de residentes. Isso significa que os movimentos de alguns investidores amenizam o impacto na taxa de câmbio, balança de pagamentos e, provavelmente, nos efeitos financeiros e macroeconômicos dos demais

Public health stakeholders' perceived status of health communication activities for the prevention and control of communicable diseases across the EU and EEA/EFTA countries

Executive summary: Health communication activities to inform and influence individual and community decisions are increasingly being used to support the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Research shows that properly designed media campaigns can have a significant positive impact on health-related attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour. However, the extent and nature of the use of health communication activities for the prevention and control of communicable diseases across Europe is currently unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) commissioned a Research Consortium of universities to map current use and application of health communication activities, and to identify perceived needs for efficacious use of health communication, in particular in relation to the prevention and control of communicable diseases across the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA)/European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. The purpose of this report is to present the findings from the mapping exercise and needs assessment gathered across the 30 EU and EEA/EFTA countries. The information is derived from data collection via telephone interviews and an e-survey, as well as an expert consultation. Questions sought to identify and map the following: what is currently being done in health communication; how are activities used; who is involved; which specific disease groups are being addressed; what are the key target audiences and the channels used to reach them; what education and training programmes for health communication are available; and how health communication activities are being evaluated. Furthermore, the data collection also identified priority areas to improve health communication in the EU and the perceived needs of public health bodies in order to be able to practice health communication effectively. The report presents the methodology used for the data collection followed by the aggregated information gathered. The discussion considers some of the main results and observations from the data collected and assesses their relevance and implication in relation to published literature, best practice and areas for improvement. The report's annexes include specific health communication plans and policies identified by study participants, as well as examples of health communication initiatives for the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Specific health communication education and training courses identified by participants are also included, as well as identified stakeholder organisations in the area of health communication and communicable diseases

Aspirin, non-aspirin analgesics and the risk of hypertension in the SUN cohort.

The use of aspirin and non-aspirin analgesics has been associated with changes in blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate prospectively the association between the regular use of aspirin and non-aspirin analgesics and the incidence of hypertension. METHODS: The SUN project is an ongoing, continuously expanding, prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates initially free of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer; 9986 (mean age 36 years) were recruited during 1999-2005 and followed up for a mean of 51 months. Regular aspirin and non-aspirin analgesic use and the presence of other risk factors for hypertension were assessed by questionnaire at baseline, and the incidence of hypertension was assessed using biennial follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, 543 new cases of hypertension were identified during follow-up. Regular aspirin use (i.e. 2 or more days/week) was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (hazard ratio=1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.04) after adjustment for various confounding factors. Regular use of non-aspirin analgesic drugs was also associated with a higher risk of hypertension (hazard ratio=1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.23). CONCLUSIONS: The regular use of aspirin and non-aspirin analgesics were both associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension, independently of other risk factors