Use of heat treated sorghum flour as an alternative in the substitution of wheat flour in bread-making

[ES] El tratamiento térmico en harinas es un proceso que se ha venido utilizando para generar modificaciones en sus componentes principales, como lo son las proteínas y almidón. Estos cambios pueden ser la desnaturalización de proteínas y gelatinización del almidón que pueden afectar las propiedades funcionales de las harinas, por lo anterior, se llevó a cabo la sustitución de harina de trigo (HT) con harina de sorgo (HS) en los porcentajes de 10, 20 o 30 % (peso-peso), para determinar el efecto de esta sustitución en las propiedades reológicas, texturales y de panificación. Además, la HS se sometió a tratamientos térmicos de 100 o 130 °C por 30 min, la cual fue utilizada en los mismos niveles de sustitución para determinar la incidencia de estos tratamientos térmicos en su capacidad panificadora y sus efectos reológicos. Los resultados mostraron cambios importantes en el volumen específico del pan, aunque no se observaron diferencias significativas cuando la sustitución fue del 10 % con harina tratada a 100 o 130 °C (4.66 y 4.57 cm3 /g) con respecto a HT (4.53 cm3 /g), sin embargo, si se observaron diferencias con respecto a los panes obtenidos cuando se utilizó HS sin tratar térmicamente. El perfil de textura no mostró diferencias significativas en la firmeza del pan cuando fue obtenido de HT (9.92 N), con respecto al elaborado de la sustitución del 10 % de HT con HS tratada térmicamente a 100 o 130 °C (12.75 y 11.97 N), respectivamente. Sin embargo, al incrementar el porcentaje de sustitución de HT a 30 % (35.01 N) con HS sin tratar térmicamente, este parámetro aumentó considerablemente con respecto a este mismo nivel de sustitución al obtenido de HS tratada a 100 o 130 °C (28.17 y 30.29 N)[EN] Heat treatment in flours is a process that has been used to generate changes in their main components, such as proteins and starch. ¿ese changes may be protein denaturation and starch gelatinization that may affect the functional properties of the flours, therefore, the substitution of wheat flour (HT) with sorghum flour (HS) in the percentages of 10, 20 or 30 % (weightweight) was carried out to determine the effect of this substitution on the rheological and textural properties, and bread-making. In addition, the HS was subjected to heat treatments of 100 or 130 °C for 30 min, which was used at the same substitution levels to determine the incidence of these thermal treatments on their bread-making capacity and their rheological effects. ¿e results showed important changes in the specific volume of the bread, although no significant differences were observed when the substitution was 10 % with flour treated at 100 or 130 °C (4.66 and 4.57 cm3 /g) with respect to HT (4.53 cm3 /g), however, the loaves prepared with HS without heat treatment showed differences. ¿e texture profile showed no significant differences in the firmness of the breads obtained from HT (9.92 N) and those substituted with 10% thermally treated HS at 100 or 130 °C (12.75 and 11.97 N). However, when increasing the percentage of substitution to 30 % of HT (35.01 N) with HS without heat treatment, this parameter increased considerably with respect to the same level of substitution with HS treated at 100 or 130 °C (28.17 and 30.29 N)Vasquez-Lara, F.; Soto Padilla, D.; Cordero Fernández, DL.; Granados Nevárez, MDC.; Islas Rubio, AR.; Verdú Amat, S.; Grau Meló, R.... (2018). Utilización de harina de sorgo tratada térmicamente como una alternativa en la sustitución de harina de trigo en panificación. Revista iberoamericana de tecnología postcosecha. 19(2):267-280. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/124224S26728019

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Memorias del primer Simposio Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas

Primer simposio nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Memorias del primer Simposio Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas

Primer simposio nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data