Middle Columbia River Aquatic Nuisance Species Survey

Aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) in the middle Columbia and lower Snake rivers were surveyed during the summer of 2006. The project area included eight reservoirs and the free-flowing, Hanford Reach on the Columbia River. We also conducted a literature review to create a complete list of ANS for the study area

Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 9. Capra hircus, the Feral Goat (Mammalia: Bovidae)

Domestic goats, Capra hircus, were intentionally introduced to numerous oceanic islands beginning in the sixteenth century. The remarkable ability of C. hircus to survive in a variety of conditions has enabled this animal to become feral and impact native ecosystems on islands throughout the world. Direct ecological impacts include consumption and trampling of native plants, leading to plant community modification and transformation of ecosystem structure. Although the negative impacts of feral goats are well known and effective management strategies have been developed to control this invasive species, large populations persist on many islands. This review summarizes impacts of feral goats on Pacific island ecosystems and management strategies available to control this invasive species

Lower Columbia River Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Survey 2001-2004

Rates of aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) introductions and their social, economic, and ecological impacts are increasing. Introductions of nonnative marine organisms have increased exponentially over the last two centuries and expenditures on outreach, control, and research exceed millions of dollars per species for several invaders of particular concern to the United States. These trends suggest that major changes are occurring in the freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems of North America, but their magnitude is probably underestimated

Young tableau reconstruction via minors

The tableau reconstruction problem, posed by Monks (2009), asks the following. Starting with a standard Young tableau $T$, a 1-minor of $T$ is a tableau obtained by first deleting any cell of $T$, and then performing jeu de taquin slides to fill the resulting gap. This can be iterated to arrive at the set of $k$-minors of $T$. The problem is this: given $k$, what are the values of $n$ such that every tableau of size $n$ can be reconstructed from its set of $k$-minors? For $k=1$, the problem was recently solved by Cain and Lehtonen. In this paper, we solve the problem for $k=2$, proving the sharp lower bound $n \geq 8$. In the case of multisets of $k$-minors, we also give a lower bound for arbitrary $k$, as a first step toward a sharp bound in the general multiset case.Comment: 24 pages, 18 figure

Finding Nature in Your Neighborhood: A Field Mapping Protocol for Community Based Assessment of Greenspace Access

The Audubon Society of Portland and PSU Capstone students developed the Greenspace Access Point Field Mapping Protocol during the summer of 2013. The protocol was developed as a tool for a community-based approach to inventorying open space access points and to generate more accurate information on open space access in the Portland-Metro region

On the P3P_3-hull number and infecting times of generalized Petersen graphs

The $P_3$-hull number of a graph is the minimum cardinality of an infecting set of vertices that will eventually infect the entire graph under the rule that uninfected nodes become infected if two or more neighbors are infected. In this paper, we study the $P_3$-hull number for generalized Petersen graphs and a number of closely related graphs that arise from surgery or more generalized permutations. In addition, the number of components of the complement of an infecting set of minimum cardinality is calculated for the generalized Petersen graph and shown to always be $1$ or $2$. Moreover, infecting times for infecting sets of minimum cardinality are studied. Bounds are provided and complete information is given in special cases.Comment: 8 page

Matted nodes: Poor prognostic marker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma independent of HPV and EGFR status

Background Despite better prognosis, there is a group of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) human papillomavirus (HPV)+ patients who experience treatment failure and succumb to distant metastasis. Methods Seventy‐eight previously untreated patients nested in a concurrent chemoradiation protocol were reviewed to correlate patterns of local‐regional tumor extent to distant metastasis. Biomarker assessment was: HPV in situ hybridization and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunointensity. Results The 3‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) for patients presenting with and without matted nodes was 69% and 94%, respectively ( p = .003). Matted nodes were a poor prognostic factor independent of T classification, HPV, EGFR, and smoking status. For patients who were HPV+, 7 of 11 died of distant metastasis and 6 of 7 with distant metastasis had matted nodes. Conclusion Matted nodes are a novel marker of poor prognosis in oropharyngeal SCC independent of established prognostic factors. Matted nodes may identify patients at risk for the development of distant metastasis who could benefit from systemic therapy, whereas patients without matted nodes may be candidates for de‐escalation of therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck , 2012Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94456/1/21997_ftp.pd

Prevalence and predictive role of p16 and epidermal growth factor receptor in surgically treated oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer

Background The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of p16 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression with survival in surgically treated patients who had oropharyngeal or oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods Tissue from 36 patients with oropharyngeal SCC and 49 patients with oral cavity SCC treated between 1997 and 2001 was imbedded and immunostained using a tissue microarray. Results The p16 was positive in 57% and 13% of patients with oropharyngeal SCC and oral cavity SCC, respectively. EGFR was positive in 60% and 63% of patients with oropharyngeal SCC and oral cavity SCC, respectively. In patients with oropharyngeal SCC, p16 expression was associated with improved disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and time to recurrence (TTR) ( p < .01, < .01, and <.01, respectively). EGFR expression was associated with poorer DSS, OS, and TTR ( p < .01, = .01, and < .01, respectively). For oropharyngeal SCC, when examining both p16 and EGFR expression as combined biomarkers, high p16 expression coupled with low EGFR expression was associated with improved DSS ( p p16 = .01; p EGFR = .01). Patients with oral cavity SCC showed no association between biomarker and outcome. Conclusions For patients with oropharyngeal SCC, high p16 and low EGFR were associated with improved outcome, suggesting a predictive role in surgically treated patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99017/1/23087_ftp.pd