The MICZ-Kepler Problems in All Dimensions

The Kepler problem is a physical problem about two bodies which attract each other by a force proportional to the inverse square of the distance. The MICZ-Kepler problems are its natural cousins and have been previously generalized from dimension three to dimension five. In this paper, we construct and analyze the (quantum) MICZ-Kepler problems in all dimensions higher than two.Comment: A minor technical error in section 5.2 (see footnote 6) is correcte

The inception of Symplectic Geometry: the works of Lagrange and Poisson during the years 1808-1810

The concept of a symplectic structure first appeared in the works of Lagrange on the so-called "method of variation of the constants". These works are presented, together with those of Poisson, who first defined the composition law called today the "Poisson bracket". The method of variation of the constants is presented using today's mathematical concepts and notations.Comment: Presented at the meeting "Poisson 2008" in Lausanne, July 2008. Published in Letters in Mathematical Physics. 22 page

Generalized Killing equations for spinning spaces and the role of Killing-Yano tensors

The generalized Killing equations for the configuration space of spinning particles (spinning space) are analysed. Solutions of these equations are expressed in terms of Killing-Yano tensors. In general the constants of motion can be seen as extensions of those from the scalar case or new ones depending on the Grassmann-valued spin variables.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages, Talk given at the International Symposium on the Theory of Elementary Particles, Buckow 199

Mutant p53 proteins alter signaling pathways involved in autophagy and redox regulation in cancer cells

Mutations in the TP53 gene occur in over 50% of the human cancers and most of them are missense mutations that result in the expression of mutant forms of p53. In addition, p53 mutated proteins acquire new biological properties referred as gain-of-function (GOF) that contribute to the induction and maintenance of cancer. Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process by which damaged macromolecules and organelles are targeted to lysosomes via autophagic vesicles and it is crucial to maintain primary biological activities during cellular stresses, such as nutrient starvation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive byproducts of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and are implicated in a plethora of biological events addressed to sustain each aspect of human cancer being able to act as second messengers in cellular signaling. The aim of this thesis was to dissect the molecular mechanisms by which oncogenic mutant p53 proteins promote cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance in cancer cells by altering crucial signaling pathways involved in autophagy and redox homeostasis. We unveiled that GOF mutant p53 proteins, contrarily to its wild-type p53 counterpart, inhibit the autophagic pathway and enhance mitochondrial ROS in cancer cells, leading i) antiapoptotic effects, ii) proliferation and iii) chemoresistance of pancreas and breast cancer cells. We found that mutant p53 significantly counteracts the formation of autophagic vesicles and their fusion with lysosomes throughout the repression of some key autophagy-related proteins and enzymes with the concomitant stimulation of mTOR signaling. Consequently to the deregulation of AMPK signaling, the expression of its effector PGC-1\u3b1 was also affected, driving a reduction of the antioxidant UCP2 protein expression and an increase of mitochondrial superoxide that acts as a critical mediator of oncogenic proprieties of mutant p53. As a paradigm of this mechanism, we showed that atg12 gene repression was mediated by the recruitment of the p50 NF-kB/mutant p53 protein complex onto two regions of the atg12 promoter suggesting the involvement of the p50-p50 homodimer as a transcriptional repressor of mutant p53 target genes. We have further correlated the low expression levels of the autophagic genes (atg12, becn1, sesn1, and dram1) with reduced relapse free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer patients carrying TP53 gene mutations conferring a prognostic value to this mutant p53- and autophagy-related signature. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that mutant p53-driven mTOR stimulation, beyond its role on autophagy repression, sensitize cancer cells carrying mutant TP53 gene to the treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. The data reported in this thesis reveal novel mechanisms by which mutant p53 sustains tumor progression and lightened on the importance that play the redox cellular status and autophagy regulation in the human tumors carrying oncogenic mutant p53 proteins

Che cosa si aspettano le società di servizi di traduzione dai propri traduttori interni ed esterni, in qualità di ‘fornitori’. Discussione sulle proposte per una formazione adeguata

By "language service providers" we mean both freelance translators (and interpreters) or employees of companies, and companies offering translation (and interpreting) services on the free market (i.e., "translation agencies"). In this article, we will focus on the expectations that translation service providers have of their suppliers, i.e., translators, when they are asked to post-edit a target text after using Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Obviously, the expectations of translation companies are reflected in the training of the translators. The NMT programmes currently on the market are constantly improving and are increasingly being adopted by translation companies because their product, from a very "raw" and unusable material, is gradually becoming "tractable". However, this "tractability" is mainly a function of the correctness and reliability of the source text. Since translation companies working on the free market do not, and cannot, have control over the source text, it is difficult to establish precise rules for improving the NMT output upstream. Therefore, for now, we can for now only give post-editors indications about the typical errors that we have detected in years of experience working with NMT. The greater attention expected of post-editors, compared to translators working without NMT, goes hand in hand with the correct interpretation and understanding of the source text, despite the shortcomings it often presents. How these indications can be translated into proposals for the training of future translators is not obvious, but we wish to emphasise the fundamental contribution of practice and experience