A rationale for the measurement of traits in individuals

Hypotheses presented in a previous paper conceive of an individual's position on an attitude scale as represented by a mean position (status score) and a sigma (dispersion score). The testing of these hypotheses requires a determination of these two scores for each individual. A rationale is presented here for the determination of these two scores for an individual from his forced choice responses to pairs of items of nearly equal scale value.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45683/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02289075.pd

A method for the study of interstimulus similarity

A generalized method for collecting data on interstimulus similarity is presented and its special cases evaluated by use of information theory. A method of analyzing the data by the Unfolding Technique is presented which permits the study of the latent attribute structure underlying the similarity of stimuli for a single individual.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45696/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02289183.pd

The role of correlation in analysis of variance

A test of the significance of a row or column agent in an analysis of variance may be expressed in the form of correlation between the agent and the variate. A test of the significance of interaction variance may be expressed in the form of correlation between the agents. These expressions are principally of theoretical interest in that the degree of significance in an F test or the value of a correlation coefficient may be controlled at will, or inadvertently, within certain limits.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45684/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02289219.pd

A note on the relation between the vector model and the unfolding model for preferences

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45735/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02291484.pd

A theorem on single-peaked preference functions in one dimension

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22790/1/0000346.pd

Tests of the betweenness property of expected utility

In order that maximizing some kind of an expectation be acceptable as a descriptive theory of risky decision making it is necessary that a gamble made up of a probability mixture of two others lie between them in the perference order. It should not be the most preferred nor the least preferred of the three. The two experiments reported here test that condition and find it is significantly violated. According to Portfolio theory and expected risk theory the mixture may be most preferred but not least preferred. This condition is found to obtain.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21760/1/0000154.pd

Polynomial psychophysics of risk

Three mathematical transformations on two-outcome games are defined. It is assumed that these transformations induce corresponding transformations on perceived risk. The rule governing the joint effect of these transformations is assumed to be the distributive model. An experiment is reported in which a class of simple polynomials are compared using the measurement-free methods of polynomial conjoint measurement. Substantial support for the distributive model is obtained.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32748/1/0000117.pd

A test of ve-theories of risk and the effect of the central limit theorem

There are several theories of risk which indicate that risk could be a function only of variance and expectation. A transformation on odds or skewness was constructed which left the variance and expectation of a gamble unchanged. Perceived risk was clearly a function of this transformation as well as variance and expectation, even under multiple play in which the effect of the central limit theorem modifies the effect of skewness but it remains a relevant variable.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33723/1/0000236.pd

Risk-preference in coin-toss games

It is hypothesized that an individual has a preferred unidimensional risk level in a coin-tossing game, and that his preferences are single-peaked over the risk scale. Risk was varied by increasing both the monetary denomination (D = 1[cents] to $1) and number of tosses (N = 1 to 20) involved in a game. The rank order preference data of 30 subjects within sets of games having either constant D or N, single stimulus preference data, and pair comparison preferences between games supported these hypotheses. Data also supported the existence of a function R0[(D,N)] which maps games onto the risk scale and is monotone increasing in both arguments. However, the exact form of the function may vary, depending on the particular set of games from which the subject chooses.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32891/1/0000270.pd

A factorial approach to job families

This is an experimental study of the application of factor analysis to a new domain—the formation of job families. Correlations between jobs are computed from the formula based on the number of common elements between two variables and the job analyses provide the basic data on the presence or absence of the elements. A first-order general factor and four common factors are obtained in a small sample of twenty occupations. Tentative interpretations are made and implications for job analysis and the formation of job families are pointed out.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45685/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02290138.pd