Identification of contact residues in the IgE binding site of human FcεRIα

The high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), FcεRI, is an αβγ2 tetramer found on mast cells, basophils, and several other types of immune effector cells. The interaction of IgE with the α-subunit of FcεRI is central to the pathogenesis of allergy. Detailed knowledge of the mode of interaction of FcεRI with IgE may facilitate the development of inhibitors for general use in the treatment of allergic disease. To this end we have performed site-directed mutagenesis on a soluble form of the FcεRI α-chain (sFcεRIα). The effects of four mutations in the second immunoglobulin-like domain of sFcεRIα upon the kinetics of binding to IgE and fragments of IgE have been analyzed using surface plasmon resonance. As described in the preceding paper of this issue [Henry, A. J., et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 15568-15578], biphasic binding kinetics was observed. Two of the mutations had significant effects on binding: K117D reduced the affinity of sFcεRIα for IgE by a factor of 30, while D159K increased the affinity for IgE by a factor of 7, both principally through changes in the rates of dissociation of the slower phase of the interaction. Circular dichroism spectra of sFcεRIα incorporating either of these mutations were indistinguishable from those of wild-type sFcεRIα, demonstrating that the native conformation had not been disrupted. Our results, together with those from site-directed mutagenesis on fragments of IgE presented in the accompanying paper, define the contact surfaces in the IgE:sFcεRIα complex

The crystal structure of IgE Fc reveals an asymmetrically bent antibody conformation

The distinguishing structural feature of immunoglobulin E (IgE), the antibody responsible for allergic hypersensitivity, is the C epsilon 2 domain pair that replaces the hinge region of IgG. The crystal structure of the IgE Fc (constant fragment) at a 2.6-A resolution has revealed these domains. They display a distinctive, disulfide-linked Ig domain interface and are folded back asymmetrically onto the C epsilon 3 and C epsilon 4 domains, which causes an acute bend in the IgE molecule. The structure implies that a substantial conformational change involving C epsilon 2 must accompany binding to the mast cell receptor Fc epsilon RI. This may be the basis of the exceptionally slow dissociation rate of the IgE-Fc epsilon RI complex and, thus, of the ability of IgE to cause persistent allergic sensitization of mast cells

Conformational changes in IgE contribute to its uniquely slow dissociation rate from receptor FcɛRI

Among antibody classes, IgE has a uniquely slow dissociation rate from, and high affinity for, its cell surface receptor FcI RI. We show the structural basis for these key determinants of the ability of IgE to mediate allergic hypersensitivity through the 3.4-Ã.-resolution crystal structure of human IgE-Fc (consisting of the CI 2, CI 3 and CI 4 domains) bound to the extracellular domains of the FcI RI Î ± chain. Comparison with the structure of free IgE-Fc (reported here at a resolution of 1.9 Ã.) shows that the antibody, which has a compact, bent structure before receptor engagement, becomes even more acutely bent in the complex. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the interaction is entropically driven, which explains how the noncontacting CI 2 domains, in place of the flexible hinge region of IgG antibodies, contribute together with the conformational changes to the unique binding properties of IgE. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved