Researches on Establishing Measures to Prevent and Dispute Soil Compaction in Vineyards

The research has been conducted in a vineyard from Dealurile Bujorului on Muscat Hamburg grafted on Berlandieri X Riparia Kober 5BB. The soil in the experimented parcel is a mold bill in nitrogen, medium-weak in phosphorus and medium in assimilated potassium. The research took into account 4 maintenance systems: the black soil, green fertilizers, perennial plants and herbicides. Each year, at the end of the vegetation stage, physical and chemical analysis was made in the soil. Biometric measurements were also made on the grapevine and quantitative and quality analysis on the production. Soil compaction was determined using Chirita penetrometer

The Influence of Soil Upkeep upon the Properties of Cambic Chernozem on the "Bujoru Hills” Vineyard (Covurlui Plateau)

Recent specialty literature has pointed out both the advantages and the disadvantages of soil upkeep systems in vine plantations practiced in the world with a view to the ecological conditions in vineyards: black field, herbicide treatment, sod establishment with annual and perennial cultures and mixed systems in a given spatio-temporal succession (Agulhon, 1999). Physical, chemical and biological properties of cambic chernozem were influenced by different types of ground maintenance. Analytical data resulting from researches show us that they are different regarding the influence of soil tillage upon its characteristics. Values of soil attributes that characterize the depth profile registers a decrease in the depth profile, with noticeable differences between the annual work as black field and other types of soil maintenance. Soil biological activity depends on the climatic conditions and its technological management. This research aims at the dynamics of soil microorganisms which ensure the nitrogen circuit. The results of this research may stand as background for certain conclusions of practical importance

The Variation Content of Nutrients Mobile Forms in Vine Leaves under the Influence of Technological Links

The research took place in a vineyard ecosystem from Bujoru’s Hills. Ecopedologicalconditions are favorable for viticulture, especially for red varieties. The soil is a cambic chernozemwith degradation trends.The experiment followed the dynamics of macroelements and microelementsunder the influence of mineral and organic fertilization as well as under the influence of themechanical and biological maintenance of the soil during two important phenophases: flourishmentand fructification. The parallel analysis of the soil and the plant is the most effective way to determinethe nutritional regime of the vine. They allow us to interfere directly in order to optimize nutritionalregime so as to achieve maximum efficiency and high quality. The data obtained in the context of theBujoru ecosystem revealed the existence of the soil-plant-production relations which are useful indeveloping a coordinated system of fertilization and the maintenance of an ecological design

THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL FERTILIZATION AND MAINTENANCE UPON THE ENERGYCONSUMPTION REQUESTED BY GRAPES PRODUCTION

Transformation of solar energy into chemical energy by means of vegetal organisms has always represented one of the most important preoccupations of the contemporary world. The possibility to rise the light energy conversion coefficient into chemical energy depends on plant endogenous factors, represented by plant genetic abilities to biochemically assimilate CO2 as complex organic compounds using solar energy , on the one hand, and on exogenous factors as well (light, temperature, air CO2 content, humidity, soil mineral substances supply required by plant nutrition). The bioenergetical interpretation concerning the effect of fertilizers used in plant cultivation refers to a survey that studies the fossil energy consumption required by getting and applying chemical or natural organic fertilizers, on the one hand, and to the light energy stored in the main product which represents an extra cropping as a result of fertilization (Gh. Lixandru & Colab, 1980)

The Influence of Soil Maintenance upon the Development of Vine Root System and Productivity

The researches started at the Bujoru Viticulture-Vinification Development Research Station in the Galaţi County have studied the influence of some maintenance systems upon the development of vine radicular system and Fetească albă vine productivity, grafted on the Kober 5 BB stock. The maintenance system comprises the following variants: black filed, pre-emergent herbicide ,yearly grassing (spring vetch) and long-term grassing (Bromus sp.). The combined action of both the pedoclimatic factors and the maintenance systems gives specific values to the development and branching of the vine root system. If we take the total length of the roots into account, they were longer when the black field and the herbicide were being used. For the long-term grassing variant the root dimensions were shorter. When the variants maintained through herbicides and perennial grasses there is a roots tend to orientate towards higher levels. Four uniform vines have been chosen for the purpose: at ¼ of the nutrition surface , equal layers of 10 cm in width have been drawn, the roots have been chosen, separate for the vines and for the grasses in the grassing variant to the depth of 100 cm

Pedological study regarding the ecological reconstruction of pastures soils from the lower Chineja basin, Galaţi county

The present paper aims the assessment of the edaphic potential of the pastures soils located in the lower basin of the Chineja river, in the out-of-town of Tuluceşti commune, thus emphasizing the factors that led to their degradation, the current productive potential of the soils and several ecological rehabilitation measures of the pastures to increase their productivity. For each sample, the following parameters were determined: pH, CaCO3 content (%), total content of soluble salts; humus content (%); total nitrogen concentration (%); mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium content (ppm); soil texture; base cations sum, hydrolytic acidity; the degree of basic cations saturation; volumetric weight and nitrogen index (NI%). The processed data that were included in the soil analysis reports consisted of a physical and chemical assessment of the mentioned ecopedological and agrochemical indicators values, the delimitation of land units, the land classification and the reliability classes concerning the pasture use. After the results were obtained, a series of recommendations were proposed on the ecological improvement of pastures. In the studied area, there is a chernozems predominance with different degrees of surface erosion and also affected by current geomorphological processes, erodic anthrosols and aluviosols. Overall, the areas occupied by pasture in the outof-town of Tuluceşti commune are characterized by a quality class and a suitability with severe limitations, which leads to appreciable systematic decreases of production, hence requiring intensive improvement and amelioration measures. From an ecological and economical point of view, in order to obtain a rich vegetation that provides the farmer with the right amount of animal fodder and at the same time to improve the geographic landscape, through the applied measures, it is necessary to raise the awareness of the pasture users concerning the sustainable management of natural pastures

Vegetable Production in an Integrated Aquaponic System with Rainbow Trout and Spinach

Abstract. Background: In an integrated aquaponic system, the ratio between nitrogen production and plant assimilation is a key factor for system efficiency. That is why plant density is very important to be appropriate. Aims: The aim of this study is to expose the performances of growth parameters, both in terms of quantity and quality, for Nores variety spinach (Spinacia oleracea) produced in an aquaponic integrated system along with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), under three plant densities (V1 - 59 plants/m2, V2 - 48plants/m2 and V3 - 39plants/m2). Materials and methods: The experimental design consist in a recirculating aquaculture system with 12 growing units, mechanical and biological water treatment units and four aquaponic units. Three plants densities were used (59, 48 and 39plants/m2). A fish stocking density of 136fish/m3 was used. Plants initial and final biomass was taken and a series of periodic measurements were made. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, ash and dry matter were determined from spinach leaf. Results: The plant biomass gain registered good values and the quality of final plant products, given by the chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and dry matter content were in the optimal variation interval, comparing to market spinach. Significant differences (p<0.05) between variants were observed. Conclusion: In the present research work, we demonstrated that significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded in terms of growth performance between the three experimental variants and that the quality of spinach growth in an integrated aquaponic system with rainbow trout is similar to that of the market spinach

A Study of Nitrogen Dynamics in an Integrated Stellate Sturgeon and Spinach Aquaponic System with Different Crop Densities

Introduction. Obtaining and maintaining a healthy, productive aquaponic system requires intensive scientific research, monitoring and also adjustments, when necessary. Aims. To quantify the nitrogen budget for a stellate sturgeon - spinach integrated LECA grow bed aquaponic system, where three plants densities were used. Materials and Methods. The experiment was made in triplicate, using a 12 aquaponic units LECA grow bed aquaponic system. Three crops densities were used (V1 - 59crops/m2, V2 - 48crops/m2 and V3 - 39crops/m2 and V4 - no crops, only with LECA grow bed). Fish were were fed with 41% brute protein feed, at an average feeding ratio of 1.75% of total biomass. Water samples were taken and analysed by using photometric methods (Merck kits). The stellate sturgeon meat, spinach and also faeces nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method. Results. Differences between the removal rates for each of the three variants of tested crops densities were significant higher (p<0,05) at V1 compared to V3 and also higher at all three variants comparing them to the control variant. The amount of ammonium removal rates from biofilter and LECA grow bed was significant (p<0,05). Also, differences between spinach nitrogen composition from V3 compared to V1 were found significant higher (p<0,05). The nitrogen content from fish meat and fish faeces was found to be within normal limits, appear also in the literature. Conclusion. Considering the nitrite and nitrate concentrations, only spinach grown in aquaponic conditions, as presented above, at densities of 59crops/m2, is marketable. In addition, it can be concluded that spinach growth in LECA grow bed aquaponic systems have a higher nitrogen content, comparing with the one growth using floating rafts technique