Categoricity and Negation. A Note on Kripke’s Affirmativism

We argue that, if taken seriously, Kripke's view that a language for science can dispense with a negation operator is to be rejected. Part of the argument is a proof that positive logic, i.e., classical propositional logic without negation, is not categorical

Evolution of Agrochemical Chernozem From Cojocna in Differentiated Fertilization Case of Maize Crop

The research undertaken in the field of differentiated fertilization in maize crop aim at rationalizing fertilizing mineral inputs and at their reduction by promoting alternatives and strategies for an efficient inclusion within differentiated fertilization systems of humiferous organic resources In order to achieve the aforementioned research objectives, field experiments were conducted in 2010 at SDE Cojocna of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, on a cambic chernozem soil, on maize crop including different fertilizing sources, mineral - from complex NP fertilizers, organic- from semi-fermented stable manure

Some Aspects of ertilization of Maize in Transylvania Area

The research undertaken in the field of differentiated fertilization in maize crop aim at rationalizing fertilizing mineral inputs and at their reduction by promoting alternatives and strategies for an efficient inclusion within differentiated fertilization systems of humiferous organic resources and plant residues

EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIATED FERTILIZATION ON SOIL AND FODDER PRODUCTION OBTAINED ON GRASSLANDS IN THE MOUNTAIN AREA

The paper highlights the evolution of soil fertility and fodder production in the mountain area with poor quality land for agricultural and horticultural practice, being necessary to take ameliorative measures regarding the delimitation of optimal and risk areas and implementation of differentiated soil fertilization systems to achieve superior qualitative and quantitative productions.The soils in the mountain area are usually covered with natural forests and grasslands and the physical and chemical properties of each type of soil in the mountain area are in accordance with the solification factors. Cultivating these lands consolidates or modifies certain characteristics of fertility for these soils both as a result of anthropogenic interventions and as an impact effect of particular climatic or vegetation properties. The objective of the research presented in this paper is the effect of differentiated organic and organo-mineral fertilization on the quantitative and qualitative achievement of fodder production and the change of the main agrochemical indices of the soil in mountain area, without disturbing the environment.Maintaining and improving the biodiversity of grasslands is a strategic goal for the mountain area, as agri-environment and climate measures reflect this within the European Union. In this sense, the experiments were located in the mountain area on an Agrostis capillaris type grassland with Festuca rubra, on a eumezobasic and eutricambosoil soil type, with a high clay and skeleton content as well as a small edaphic volume with low fertility.The importance, originality and novelty of these experiments in the agronomic field, are due to problems still unresolved today, in terms of fertilization combinations, by implementing a soil fertilization system and ecological protection to maintain and increase the content of organic matter in the soil, in accordance to climatic specifics of the mountain area and to the requirements of nutrient consumption of fodder species, in order to achieve quantitative and qualitative fodder production

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC, ORGANO-MINERAL, COMPLEX AND LEAF FERTILIZATIONS ON MAIZE IN THE TRANSYLVANIA REGION

The paper highlights the implementation of a soil fertilization system with ecological protection for maize crops in Transylvania in a climate favorable to maize cultivation in an area with high quality soils in terms of fertility and favorable for most cultivated agricultural and horticultural plants, maize being cultivated in this region on a considerable area. Along with the maize harvest, the export of mineral elements from the soil is very high, which determines the rapid impoverishment of the soil, being necessary a proper fertilization of the maize crop, in order to achieve quantitative and qualitative production of corn grains.The specific nutrient consumption of corn, according to different authors, varies between: 20-30 kg N; 8-14 kg P2O5; 20-30 kg K2O; 10-14 kg CaO and 3.5-4.5 kg MgO, to achieve a ton of corn grains, needing large amounts of nutrients, throughout the growing season, to achieve the expected production. In this context, the paper aims to review Cojocna area, located in Cluj County, in the Transylvanian Plain, an area that nature has endowed with invaluable gifts, which lends itself to sustainable and profitable conservative agriculture. Soils, mostly of the faeoziom type, specific to this region, exhibit a high humus content, are well structured and aerated, which in terms of fertility are considered very productive. As a result of recent climate change and the specificity of the cambic faeoziom soils, which in the B cambic (Bv) horizon formed by altering the basic parent material "in situ", presenting in the upper part, dark brown colors followed by yellowish brown colors due to the accumulation of clay, which in conditions of heavy and long rains, favors the accumulation and puddle of water on the soil surface, which leads to asphyxiation and death of young plants, with undesirable consequences on the maize crop in the area. In this sense, it is known that corn is a plant species that resists well to unfavorable climatic conditions and also, has beneficial effects on all soils by improving aeration and soil structuring conditions, due to the well developed root system. The purpose of this paper is dedicated to the development of organic, organo-mineral, complex mineral and foliar fertilizations of maize crops in an area with high favorability for maize from Transylvania

Effect of Organic Fertilization on Potato Production in the Mountain Area

In our country, potato is a highly important national crop, as a basic food element (almost the population’s second bread), while for the Apuseni Mountains area, potato holds the highest percentage and at the same time represents an essential food for locals and their animals, as a paramount food support of the population in the area. Its specific renders this crop as a highly demanding species of plant in terms ecologic conditions, humidity and temperature, as well as nutritive elements, as it forms an abundant vegetative mass and a high tuber quantity for the surface unit. It is a highly consuming nitrogen, potassium , magnesium and calcium plant, as well as with respect to macroelements. Once the potato is harvested, the export of mineral elements from the soil is high, thus determining the rapid soil depletion and demanding for a suitable fertilization of potato crop, adequate to the household system specific to the mountain area. Numerous researches conducted in the area under study reveal the fact that, from a pedoclimatic point of view, there are good and very good conditions for potato crop, considering the climatic abnormalities in the last period. But the severity of the climatic impact varies from one region to another and exerts a serious effect on agriculture. In this highly important sector, climate changes would influence crop harvest, animal breeding and location of production. The increased probability and severity of weather events will considerably increase the risk of crop calamities. The climate change will exert an influence on the soil, by decreasing the organic matter content- a major contributor to soil fertility. In this context, considering the basic occupation of locals in the area, especially animal breeding, alarge quantity of organic fertilizers is used and by meas of their rational employment, they represent the main fertilizatio source of crops in the area, recovery and maintenance of soil fertility. Alongside being the basic food product of population in the area, the importance of potato increases once the altitude of the area also increases, being used as fodder for animal husbandry, due to the fact that the assortment of cultivated plants is limited to potato, rye, oat, some fruit trees, certain vegetables, while the rest of the surfaces is covered with natural pastureland and forests. In this respect, potato covers the largest surface, as corn hybrids, even early ones do not manage to reach maturity in this mountain area

Foliar Fertilization Effect of Supplementing the Fertilization of the Soil on the Production of Potato Tubers

Present worldwide debate, including certain national approaches, lead to highly diversified tendencies for the implementation of agricultural systems involving a higher or lesser role played by fertilizer employment in their success, but they are all called to make a contribution to the achievement of qualitative and quantitative food quantities, while increasing soil fertility and environmental protection. In terms of scientific fundamentals with regard to complex food chain effects, all agricultural systems are perfectible and thus make it impossible for an ultimate and complete achievement of objectives set by human society, cosumers and soil fertility increase requirements. Potato crop fertilizer application does not always bear the mark of the agricultural systems in terms of varieties, content and doses applied, as the purpose and importance of this crop frequently determines attention granted to the achievement of high production results that are much better than in other plants. In this context, the objectives of our research, as well as the research-experiment of the effect of foliar fertilizer assortments ultimately provide applicable variants for agricultural practice that are applied on the inside and the outside of the practised agricultural system. The present paper aims at preseting the results obtained by applying a wide range of foliar fertilizers on the Redsec variety, during the 2005, 2006 and 2007, when the productive effect of these fertilizers was highlighted and differentiated according to the fertilizer assortment and conditions of application. Differentiation of effects obtained by foliar fertilizer application and the level of tuber production are dependant on the application of these fertilizers through varieties exhibiting an essential macroelement nutritive balance or i the particular coposition, there is a predominance of nitrogen presence and concentration (such assortments like Lecol, Folifert and Fortifert). These results show that the effect of foliar fertilizers applied is first due to the involvement of these compositions within the nitrogen cycle and its assimilatio that can be capitalized at an optimal level through the simultaneous representation of phosphorus and potassium in their composition