JPL's Real-Time Weather Processor project (RWP) metrics and observations at system completion

As an integral part of the overall upgraded National Airspace System (NAS), the objective of the Real-Time Weather Processor (RWP) project is to improve the quality of weather information and the timeliness of its dissemination to system users. To accomplish this, an RWP will be installed in each of the Center Weather Service Units (CWSUs), located in 21 of the 23 Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs). The RWP System is a prototype system. It is planned that the software will be GFE and that production hardware will be acquired via industry competitive procurement. The ARTCC is a facility established to provide air traffic control service to aircraft operating on Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight plans within controlled airspace, principally during the en route phase of the flight. Covered here are requirement metrics, Software Problem Failure Reports (SPFRs), and Ada portability metrics and observations

Normality and products of linearly ordered spaces

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions are given for the normality of a finite product of locally compact linearly ordered spaces, and for a space which is the uncountable product of a locally compact linearly ordered space with itself. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the normality of a product space all of whose factors are ordinal spaces

Volume 15. Article 1. Oceanography of Long Island Sound, 1952–1954.

https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/bulletin_yale_bingham_oceanographic_collection/1154/thumbnail.jp

Energy Flow through the Marine Ecosystem of the Lancaster Sound Region, Arctic Canada

This paper synthesizes the trophic dynamics of a Canadian arctic marine ecosystem in so far as it is known, using new data on primary production, zooplankton, the bivalve Mya truncata, and arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), as well as literature values for marine mammals and seabirds. The 98,000 sq km region has a high rate of primary production relative to other parts of arctic Canada. About 60 g C/sq. m are fixed annually, of which approximately 90% is contributed by phytoplankton, 10% by ice algae, and 1% by kelp. Phytoplankton production is twofold higher along the south coast of Cornwallis Island than elsewhere in Barrow Strait. Four copepod species, of which Pseudocalanus acuspes is the most important energetically, graze about one-third of the phytoplankton production. Bivalves maintain high biomass but low energy flow, acting as sedimenting agents. Arctic cod is a major component, with 125,000 tonnes being consumed by marine mammals and 23,000 tonnes by seabirds annually. Our hydro-acoustic estimate for mean arctic cod density, 0.0022 fish/sq. m, is probably too low, partly because we have been unable to quantify dense aggregations of schooling fish. The ecological efficiency of ringed seal is near maximum, with 5% of ringed seal ingestion going to bears and man as seal flesh. The data on total kill and prey consumption in whales and birds is incomplete because they migrate out of the Lancaster Sound region in winter. The food chain is very long, with bears occupying the fifth trophic level; this is reflected by high biomagnification factors for persistent lipophilic pollutants such as PCBs. There are major data gaps for some zooplankton and most of the benthos, as well as for winter populations and energetics. This trophic analysis is therefore incomplete and efficiencies for entire trophic levels cannot be calculated.Key words: seals, whales, seabirds, benthos, zooplankton, phytoplankton, primary production, secondary production, harvest, yieldRÉSUMÉ. Cet article résume la dynamique trophique de l’écosystème marin dans le Canada arctique dans la mesure où il est connu, en utilisant de nouvelles données sur la production primaire, le zooplancton, le bivalve Mya truncata, et la morue polaire (Boreogadus saida), ainsi que les valeurs trouvées dans la documentation sur les mammifères et les oiseaux marins. Cette région d’une superficie de 98 000 km2 possède un taux élevé de production primaire par rapport à d’autres parties du Canada arctique. Environ 60 g C.m-2 sont fixés annuellement, dont environ 90 p. cent par le phytoplancton, 10 p. cent par les algues glaciaires et 1 p. cent par les laminaires. La production de phytoplancton est deux fois plus élevée le long de la côte méridionale de l’île Cornwallis qu’ailleurs dans le détroit de Barrow. Quatre espèces de copépodes, dont la Pseudocalanus acuspes est la plus importante du point de vue énergitique, utilisent environ un tiers de la production de phytoplancton pour se nourir. Les bivalves contribuent de façonimportante à la biomasse mais peu au flux énergétique, étant des agents de sédimentation. La morue arctique est une composante importante, étant consommée au taux annuel de 1250 00 tonnes par les mammifères marins et de 23 000 tonnes par les oiseaux marins. Notre estimation hydroacoustique pour la densité moyenne de la morue arctique, 0,002 poissons.m-2, est probablement trop faible, en partie parce que nous avons été incapables de quantifier les regroupements denses des poissons se rassemblant en bancs. L’efficacité écologique du phoque annelé est proche de son maximum, 5 p. cent de l’ingestion de cet animal allant à l’ours et à l’homme sous forme de chair de phoque. Les données sur le nombre d’animaux tués et sur laconsommation de proies chez les baleines et les oiseaux sont incomplètes en raison de leur migration hivernal à  l'extérieur du détroit de Lancaster. La chaine alimentaire est très longue, les ours occupant le cinquième niveau trophique; cela se traduit par des facteurs de bioamplification élevés en ce qui concerne les polluants lipophiles persistants tels que les BPC. Il existe des lacunes dans les données pour certains éléments du zooplancton et pour la plupart du benthos, ainsi que pour les populations et l’énergétique hivernales. Cette analyse trophique est donc incomplète et il n'est pas possible de calculer l’efficacité pour l’ensemble des niveaux trophiques.Mots clés: phoques, baleines, oiseaux marins, benthos, zooplancton, phytoplancton, production primaire, production secondaire, prélèvement, rendemen

The natural history of peanut allergy

Background: It has traditionally been assumed that peanut allergy is rarely outgrown. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the number of children with peanut allergy who become tolerant of peanut. Methods: Patients aged 4 to 20 years with a diagnosis of peanut allergy were evaluated by questionnaire, skin testing, and a quantitative antibody fluorescent-enzyme immunoassay. Patients who had been reaction free in the past year and had a peanut IgE (PN-IgE) level less than 20 kilounits of antibody per liter (kUA/L) were offered an open or double-blind, placebo-controlled peanut challenge. Results: A total of 223 patients were evaluated, and of those, 85 (PN-IgE less than 0.35-20.4 kUA/L [median 1.42 kUA/L]) participated in an oral peanut challenge. Forty-eight (21.5%) patients had negative challenge results and were believed to have outgrown their peanut allergy (aged 4-17.5 years [median 6 years]; PN-IgE less than 0.35-20.4 kUA/L [median 0.69 kUA/L]). Thirty-seven failed the challenge (aged 4-13 years [median 6.5 years]; RAST less than 0.35-18.2 kUA/L [median 2.06 kUA/L]). Forty-one patients with PN-IgE levels less than 20 kUA/L declined to undergo challenge, and 97 were not eligible for challenge because their PN-IgE levels were greater than 20 kUA/L or they had had a recent reaction. Sixty-seven percent of patients with PN-IgE levels less than 2 kUA/L and 61% with levels less than 5 kUA/L had negative challenge results. Of those who underwent challenge, PN-IgE levels for those who passed versus those who failed were different at the time of challenge (P = .009), but not at the time of diagnosis (P = .25). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that peanut allergy is outgrown in about 21.5% of patients. Patients with low PN-IgE levels should be offered a peanut challenge in a medical setting to demonstrate whether they can now tolerate peanuts

Ethical Marketing: Perceptions of Economic Goods and Social Problems

A methodology associated with experimental social psychology was used to ascertain whether there are different ethical overtones perceived in the marketing of different products despite all other aspects of the marketing situation being comparable. The methodology consisted of using four vignettes of marketing strategy with the product utilized being the only element varied across the scenarios. Results indicate that ethical evaluations are product dependent and are more severe for social goods than for traditional economic goods.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Movement and Habitat Selection by Invasive Asian Carps in a Large River

We evaluated the habitat use and movements of 50 adult bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and 50 silver carp H. molitrix by means of ultrasonic telemetry during spring–summer 2004 and 2005 to gain insight into the conditions that facilitate their establishment, persistence, and dispersal in the lower Illinois River (river kilometer 0–130). Movement and habitat use were monitored with stationary receivers and boat-mounted tracking. The relative availability of four macrohabitat categories (main channel, island side channel, channel border, and connected backwater) was quantified to determine selection; discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate changes in physical characteristics within each category. A flood pulse occurred in spring through early summer of 2004 but not 2005. Movement rates (km/week) of both species were positively correlated with flow but not with temperature. Including data from stationary receivers greatly increased estimates of daily movement. During low summer flow, both species typically selected channel borders and avoided the main channel and backwaters. Both species rarely occupied depths over 4 m, regardless of abiotic conditions. Flood pulses appear to trigger dispersal, while habitat use is only specific during low summer flow. Thus, movement prevention efforts (e.g., dispersal barriers) will require particular vigilance during late-winter or spring flooding, and controlled removal (e.g., harvest) should be directed toward selected habitats during summer

A comprehensive candidate gene approach identifies genetic variation associated with osteosarcoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone malignancy which occurs primarily in adolescents. Since it occurs during a period of rapid growth, genes important in bone formation and growth are plausible modifiers of risk. Genes involved in DNA repair and ribosomal function may contribute to OS pathogenesis, because they maintain the integrity of critical cellular processes. We evaluated these hypotheses in an OS association study of genes from growth/hormone, bone formation, DNA repair, and ribosomal pathways.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated 4836 tag-SNPs across 255 candidate genes in 96 OS cases and 1426 controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twelve SNPs in growth or DNA repair genes were significantly associated with OS after Bonferroni correction. Four SNPs in the DNA repair gene <it>FANCM </it>(ORs 1.9-2.0, <it>P </it>= 0.003-0.004) and 2 SNPs downstream of the growth hormone gene <it>GH1 </it>(OR 1.6, <it>P </it>= 0.002; OR 0.5, <it>P </it>= 0.0009) were significantly associated with OS. One SNP in the region of each of the following genes was significant: <it>MDM2</it>, <it>MPG</it>, <it>FGF2</it>, <it>FGFR3</it>, <it>GNRH2</it>, and <it>IGF1</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that several SNPs in biologically plausible pathways are associated with OS. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings.</p