12 research outputs found

    Emphasizing Extension\u27s Unbiased, Research-Based Recommendations Is Critical

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    With a multitude of information sources available to stakeholders, it is critical that Extension emphasize the supporting work and unbiased approach that comprise the backbone of our recommendations. In Alabama, management of target spot, a disease that can devastate cotton, is the result of 100 field trials, 6,700 man-hours, and $485,800 in grants. The team involved delivered 94 associated publications and stakeholder activities and posted information via YouTube and Twitter. For Cooperative Extension to remain relevant, we must emphasize our strong experiment station partnership that ensures a foundation firmly planted in unbiased, research-based information that is not influenced by outside, market-driven interests

    Interdisciplinary Team Addresses Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in Alabama

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    A multi-state and interdisciplinary team was formed to address the Extension and research needs of CLRDV, an emerging cotton disease with high potential impact for U.S. cotton production. In 2017, CLRDV was identified in AL and Auburn University immediately formed an interdisciplinary working group composed of plant breeders, plant pathologists, entomologists, and agronomists. Since then, scientists from ten other states have joined the CLRDV group. Thus, allowing research to be coordinated efficiently and best deploy limited resources to attend the stakeholder’s needs. The CLRDV group produces and shares new and relevant information with the scientific community and cotton producers alike

    Investigating the effects of planting date and Aphis gossypii management on reducing the final incidence of cotton leafroll dwarf virus

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    This is the first study to research management strategies for cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) in the southeastern U.S. The efficacy of aphid vector management to reduce final CLRDV incidence was investigated concurrent with efforts to monitor aphid population dynamics and timing of CLRDV spread. Adjusting the planting date and insecticide applications did not reduce the final incidence of CLRDV, which was confirmed in 60–100% of plants per plot using RT-PCR. Aphid population density was reduced, but not eliminated with foliar insecticide applications. Aphis gossypii was the only species observed on cotton and was the dominant species collected in pan traps. Three distinct periods of virus spread were detected with sentinel plants including early, mid-and late-season. Most virus spread occurred during large aphid dispersal events

    Prospective Alternate Hosts of an Emerging Polerovirus in Cotton Landscapes in the Southeastern United States

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    The identification of alternate hosts that can act as virus inoculum sources and vector reservoirs in the landscape is critical to understanding virus epidemics. Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a serious pathogen in cotton production and is transmitted by the cotton/melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, in a persistent, circulative, and non-propagative manner. CLRDV was first reported in the United States in Alabama in 2017, and thereafter in several cotton-producing states. CLRDV has since established itself in the southeastern United States. The role of alternate hosts in CLRDV establishment is not clear. Fourteen common plant species in the landscape, including crops, weeds, and ornamentals (cotton, hollyhock, marshmallow, country mallow, abutilon, arrowleaf sida, okra, hibiscus, squash, chickpea, evening primrose, henbit, Palmer amaranth, and prickly sida) were tested as potential alternate hosts of CLRDV along with an experimental host (Nicotiana benthamiana) via aphid-mediated transmission assays. CLRDV was detected following inoculation in hibiscus, okra, N. benthamiana, Palmer amaranth, and prickly sida by RT-PCR, but not in the others. CLRDV accumulation determined by RT-qPCR was the highest in N. benthamiana compared with cotton and other hosts. However, aphids feeding on CLRDV-infected prickly sida, hibiscus, and okra alone were able to acquire CLRDV and back-transmit it to non-infected cotton seedlings. Additionally, some of the alternate CLRDV hosts supported aphid development on par with cotton. However, in a few instances, aphid fitness was reduced when compared with cotton. Overall, this study demonstrated that plant hosts in the agricultural landscape can serve as CLRDV inoculum sources and as aphid reservoirs and could possibly play a role in the reoccurring epidemics of CLRDV in the southeastern United States

    First description of the causal agent of taproot decline of soybean, an emerging disease in the Southern United States

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    Over the past decade, a soybean root issue of unknown etiology has been observed across a widespread geography in the southern United States. Recently, pathologists began referring to the problem as taproot decline of soybean, based on the appearance of root symptoms. Taproot decline has been observed to cause foliar symptoms in vegetative and reproductive soybean plants ranging in maturity from V6 to R6. Symptom expression can appear similar to other notable root-associated diseases except that taproot decline exhibits a progression of symptom expression from subtle to severe interveinal chlorosis during the season. However, one distinct symptom associated with taproot decline is observed as darkened, black stroma on the taproot and, in some cases, the lateral roots of affected plants. Pathogenicity was confirmed by isolating the suspected fungus from naturallyinfected soybean roots in multiple states and completing Koch\u27s postulates. The causal agent was identified, based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenetic inference, as a member of the Xylaria arbuscula aggregate. At present, research projects are underway to address the role of the newly described disease and extent of the pathogen in the southern soybean production region in addition to developing integrated strategies for managing the disease

    Investigating the effects of planting date and Aphis gossypii management on reducing the final incidence of cotton leafroll dwarf virus

    Get PDF
    This is the first study to research management strategies for cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) in the southeastern U.S. The efficacy of aphid vector management to reduce final CLRDV incidence was investigated concurrent with efforts to monitor aphid population dynamics and timing of CLRDV spread. Adjusting the planting date and insecticide applications did not reduce the final incidence of CLRDV, which was confirmed in 60–100% of plants per plot using RT-PCR. Aphid population density was reduced, but not eliminated with foliar insecticide applications. Aphis gossypii was the only species observed on cotton and was the dominant species collected in pan traps. Three distinct periods of virus spread were detected with sentinel plants including early, mid-and late-season. Most virus spread occurred during large aphid dispersal events

    Draft genome sequence of Xylaria sp., the causal agent of taproot decline of soybean in the southern United States

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    The draft genome of Xylaria sp. isolate MSU_SB201401, causal agent of taproot decline of soybean in the southern U.S., is presented here. The genome assembly was 56.7 Mb in size with an L50 of 246. A total of 10,880 putative protein-encoding genes were predicted, including 647 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and 1053 genes encoding secreted proteins. This is the first draft genome of a plant-pathogenic Xylaria sp. associated with soybean. The draft genome of Xylaria sp. isolate MSU_SB201401 will provide an important resource for future experiments to determine the molecular basis of pathogenesis
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