Traditional elastic ligatures versus slide ligation system. A morphological evaluation

Elastomeric materials play an important role in the orthodontic practice, including the retraction force to move teeth into extraction sites, closing diastemas, selective shifting of the midline and generalized space closure. Frictional resistance and ligating strength of archwire-bracket-ligature complex occurs during utilization of elastomeric and metallic ligatures when orthodontic forces are applicated. The aim of this study was to analyze elastic deformation of three types of elastomeric ligatures, after clinical use

Black Stain: studio clinico e microbiologico

Aim of the work. Objectives of the study are the following: quantify and identify microorganisms in the dental plaque of patients with black stain; test in vivo and in vitro efficacy of two mouthwashes; identify a protocol. Materials and methods. The research protocol included a clinical and a microbiological stage. 63 patients between 2 and 15 years with black stain were selected, then divided into three groups. In Group 1 (19 patients) no mouthwash was prescribed. In Group 2 (21 patients) was prescribed a fluoride mouthwash (Sodium Fluoride 0,05%). In Group 3 (23 patients) a chlorhexidine 0,12% mouthwash was prescribed. The microbiological stage provided analysis of pigmented plaque through bacterial count and identification tests and aura of inhibition on agar plate to evaluate the inhibitory power of the mouthwashes examined. Results. It was highlighted a strong decrease in index of pigmented plaque in Group 3 than Groups 1 and 2. The microbiological analysis revealed a decrease in bacterial count higher in Group 3 than Groups 1 and 2. The bacteria identified the most were Clostridia. The chlorhexidine mouthwash was more effective than fluorine mouthwash on bacterial growth. Conclusions. The use of mouthwash in conjunction with periodic specialist visits is essential to assist oral hygiene at home. It is assumed that the mouthwash with chlorhexidine 0,12% is the most effective in reducing black stain in vivo and in vitro

Traditional elastic ligatures versus slide ligation system. A morphological evaluation

Elastomeric materials play an important role in the orthodontic practice, including the retraction force to move teeth into extraction sites, closing diastemas, selective shifting of the midline and generalized space closure. Frictional resistance and ligating strength of archwire-bracket-ligature complex occurs during utilization of elastomeric and metallic ligatures when orthodontic forces are applicated. The aim of this study was to analyze elastic deformation of three types of elastomeric ligatures, after clinical use

Traditional elastic ligatures versus slide ligation system. A morphological evaluation

Elastomeric materials play an important role in the orthodontic practice, including the retraction force to move teeth into extraction sites, closing diastemas, selective shifting of the midline and generalized space closure. Frictional resistance and ligating strength of archwire-bracket-ligature complex occurs during utilization of elastomeric and metallic ligatures when orthodontic forces are applicated. The aim of this study was to analyze elastic deformation of three types of elastomeric ligatures, after clinical use

Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in orthodontics: Review of the factors that influence the clinical success rate of the mini-implants

The mini-implant, temporary anchorage devices (TADS), are now a common method of treatment in Orthodontics with versatility, minimal invasiveness and the relationship between costs and benefits that they offer even today. Skeletal anchorage has, to a large degree, replaced conventional anchorage in situations where anchorage is considered either critical, insufficient, or likely to result in undesirable side effects such as vertical displacements generated by inter-maxillary force systems. Objective. The objective of this study is to carry out a review about the factors that seem affect the success or failure rate of orthodontic mini-implants. A computerized literature review was performed by searching the MEDLINE database (Entrez PubMed, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Isi Web of Knowledge until March 2016 . The main subject heading "orthodontics" was combined with these keywords mini-implant, mini-screw, micro-implants, mini-implant success rate, mini-implant failure rate, skeletal anchorage, temporary anchorage device (TADS). In the selection process, abstracts were initially read independently by two researchers to identify potentially eligible full text papers which were then retrieved and assessed in order to decide on the final inclusion. Conclusions. The clinical success of orthodontic anchorage by mini-implants depends on the stability of the miniscrews used for fixation. For good stability, the application site must provide bone of good quantity and quality. We can reasonably assume that the stability of the anchorage of the mini-implants could be optimized by selecting a position with particular characteristics of quality and quantity of bone, in relation to cortical and total mandibular and jaw bone thickness. These expected informations are important because they indicates that the bone quality and quantity are significant when considering an implant placement site, but also that there are other confounding factors influencing the success rate

Migrant workers’ routes to the informal economy during the economic crisis: structural constraints and subjective motivations

Drawing on a longitudinal research we conducted over fi ve years (2010\u20132015) with 40 documented migrant workers who lost their job at the beginning of the recession, this article analyses their routes to the informal economy in Northern Italy. Moving away from the expulsion and exit dichotomous theories on participation in underground work, we argue that it is necessary to take into consideration both the structural constraints pushing migrants to enter the informal economy and their subjective motivations, both economic and non-economic. Th rough two waves of in-depth interviews with Moroccan and Romanian workers, we investigate the migrants\u2019 working paths in order to understand diff erent conditions and motivations driving them to work off the books. First, we highlight that migrants who work irregularly are not only the unemployed, but also poor casual workers and deprived self-employed. Moreover, we sustain that working irregularly is not only a poverty escape strategy to deal with the casualization, worsening and reduction of formal working opportunities, but it is also a way to meet identity and social needs

The dental age in the child with coeliac disease

AIM: The coeliac disease deprives affected individual of the main nutritive factors, which are essential to promote body development: coeliac children are often subject to weight loss and have a lower somatic growth rate compared to healthy children. In addition, it is proven that prolonged malnutrition can have irreversible effects on dental eruption: teeth development also suffers a delay or it is slowed down in coeliac children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and quantify the persistence of a delay in the dental age in children with coeliac disease and the presence of a possible constant relationship between the estimated delay in skeletal development and that referred to the dental age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy children (24 males and 46 females) were selected, all affected by coeliac disease, aged between 5.3 and 13.8 years, with a mean age of 9 years +/- 22 months SD. Through teleradiography of the skull in latero-lateral projection and orthopantomography of the dental arches, the estimate of the skeletal development and dental age was carried out for each patient, applying two specific methods extensively described in the literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results obtained, in agreement with the literature, show how the dental age, which is delayed in children affected by coeliac disease, may be considered as a reliable indicator of somatic growth and also of biological age. Furthermore, a gluten-free diet has considerable beneficial effects on skeletal development in relation to the dental age, in agreement with the hypothesis that dental development is controlled by different regulatory mechanisms, totally independent from those that influence skeletal development and the somatic and sexual development of the individual, even if the delay of dental development decreases progressively from the time of diagnosis of coeliac disease to introduction of a gluten-free diet

Oral lesions in paediatric patients with graft-versus-host disease

This work aims at assessing and describing the most frequent clinical manifestations of the Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) in the oral and maxillofacial region in paediatric patients affected by neoplastic or non neoplastic haematologic disorders undergo specific hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) protocols, with a view to detecting the potential pathological modifications which are recognised as the cause of a possible altered harmonious development of the child. Thirty-eight paediatric patients aged between 3 and 13 who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neoplastic or non neoplastic haematological disorders were assessed on the basis of their medical history and accurate clinical and instrumental exams, in order to make a correct diagnosis, preliminarily assess oral conditions, detect possible oral pathological manifestations and evaluate their incidence both locally and in terms of clinical severity, as well as to mitigate associated symptoms. This was done to prevent and eliminate any oral interference in the systemic treatment protocol. In line with the data presented in the Literature, clinical GvHD manifestations seem to mainly involve the oral and maxillofacial region from an early phase also in paediatric patients. As a consequence, a timely diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment programme are essential to get to an early detection of the oral signs of potential systemic complications, to improve the quality of life of these young patients, as well as to prevent any potential alterations of dentoskeletal development and growth in the child