Orientar para la vida a través de la orientación para la carrera

Este trabajo intenta fomentar la reflexión acerca de la necesidad de abordar en el ámbito educativo la orientación para la carrera como algo más que una ayuda prestada a los alumnos con el fin de hacer una elección académica y profesional. Se plantea, a partir de los cambios producidos en el ámbito de la orientación y en la noción de trabajo, repensar la carrera como el desarrollo de habilidades y proyectos personales de vida. Con este fin se revisa la bibliografía actual que mantiene latente la polémica sobre si la orientación para la carrera y la orientación para la vida son cosas similares o distintas pero complementarias. Terminaremos concluyendo con Savickas que “career is personal” y que la orientación para la carrera es una herramienta que debe preparar para la autogestión de la propia vida, y en consecuencia ha de mantener como directrices que inspiran su acción todos los posibles roles, escenarios y transiciones que la persona pueda afrontar en el futuro

Proyecto Repositorio e-IEO 2015

Se presenta la situación actual del repositorio: distribución de ítems por comunidades y Centros del IEO, así como su evolución en el último año (febrero, 2014 – abril, 2015), y las distintas actuaciones previstas en el proyecto de este año “Proyecto Repositorio e-IEO 2015”: 1. Actualización de software e interfaz. 2. ORCID. 3. Elaboración de páginas de autor. 4. Vocabularios controlados. 5. Recolectores temáticos 6. Open Scholar. 7. Vía dorada. 8. Guía de uso. 9. Política y Mandato Institucional de Depósito.10. Incorporación de Libros IEO y tesis doctorales. 11. Mejoras en funcionalidades diversas. 12. Formación de los administradores de colección que trabajan en los distintos centros del IEO

e-IEO a finales de 2014

Se presentan los distintos trabajos realizados en el repositorio del Instituto Español de Oceanografía durante 2014: 1. Interoperabilidad semántica y técnica con el Sistema Integrado de Proyectos de Investigación del IEO (SIPI) -base de datos interna de la institución para seguimiento de proyectos y evaluación de investigadores- para evitar a los investigadores el doble archivo y difundir sus trabajos. 2. Estandarización de los nombres de autor, mediante la implantación del control de autoridades (authority control) de DSpace. 3. Adopción de los identificadores internacionales únicos de autor ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) para la identificación y detección de ambigüedades y duplicidades en los nombres de los investigadores. 4. Enlace con las principales bases de datos internacionales de autores y publicaciones (ORCID, Google Schoolar, ResearcherID, ScopusID, Dialnet) y sus métricas de impacto: las clásicas y las de evaluación del impacto en las redes sociales (Altmetrics). 5. Mejoras en el módulo gráfico de estadísticas de DSpace. 6. Formación de los administradores de colección que trabajan en los distintos centros del IEO. 7. Implementación de un blog como foro de comunicación entre administradores y usuarios internos. 8. Inclusión de vocabularios controlados específicos de ciencias marinas (recursos marinos, pesquerías, etc.) como mecanismo de mejora de las capacidades de búsqueda y descubrimiento de los ítems. 9. Integración en recolectores temáticos de ciencias del mar. 10. Presentación de la situación actual del repositorio: distribución de ítems por comunidades del repositorio y Centros del IEO y su evolución en 2014

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Udder Pathogens Isolated from Dairy Herds in the West Littoral Region of Uruguay

A total of 522 strains belonging to streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci isolated from sub-clinical and clinical cases of bovine mastitis from the west littoral region of Uruguay were analysed for their susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents. The susceptibility patterns were studied by agar disk diffusion methods (ADDM) and broth micro-dilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The concentration that inhibits 90% (MIC(90)) of the analysed strains reported in micrograms per millilitre, for Staphylococcus aureus were > 8, 8, ≤ 0.5, ≤ 4, ≤ 1, ≤ 0.5, > 64, ≤ 0.25, 0.5, ≤ 1 and ≤ 1 to penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, cephalotin, gentamicin, erythromycin, oxitetracycline, enrofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, neomycin, and clindamycin, respectively. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) had different values for penicillin (4) and ampicillin (2), while the other antimicrobial agents had the same MIC(90 )values as reported for S. aureus. The MIC(90 )values for streptococci were 0.12, 0.25, ≤ 4, 16, ≤ 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 for penicillin, ampicillin, cephalotin, gentamicin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, whereas MIC(90 )for enterococci were 4, 4, 4, ≤ 0.5, 2, > 8 for penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Of 336 strains of S. aureus, 160 (47.6%) were resistant to penicillin. For 41 CNS strains, 10 (27%) presented penicillin-resistance. All the streptococcal strains were susceptible to penicillin, while 3 (7%) of the 43 enteroccocal strains were resistant. Non significant statistical differences were found between the results obtained by ADDM and broth micro-dilution for classifying bacterial isolates as susceptible or resistant according to the National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards

Volatile compound diversity and conserved alarm behaviour in Triatoma dimidiata

Background: Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) is a key vector complex of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease, as it spans North, Central, and South America. Although morphological and genetic studies clearly indicate existence of at least five clades within the species, there has been no robust or systematic revision, or appropriate nomenclature change for species within the complex. Three of the clades (haplogroups) are distributed in Mexico, and recent evidence attests to dispersal of clades across previously "presumed"monotypic geographic regions. Evidence of niche conservatism among sister species of this complex suggests that geographic dispersal is possible for non-sympatric populations, although no information is available on the behavioural aspects of potential interclade interactions, for instance whether differentiation of chemical signaling or response to these signals could impede communication among the haplogroups. Methods: Volatiles emitted by disturbed bugs, Brindley's (BGs), and metasternal (MGs) glands were identified using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatile compounds emitted by BGs and MGs, and those secreted by disturbed nymphs and adults, of the three Mexican T. dimidiata haplogroups were tested for avoidance behaviour by conspecific nymphs and adults using an olfactometer. Results: Triatoma dimidiata haplogroups all have three age-related alarm responses: absence of response by early stage nymphs, stage-specific response by 4-5th stage nymphs, and a shared 4-5th nymph and adult response to adult compounds. Disturbed bugs released 15 to 24 compounds depending on the haplogroup, among which were three pyrazines, the first report of these organoleptics in Triatominae. Isobutyric acid from BGs was the most abundant molecule in the response in all haplogroups, in addition to 15 (h1) to 21 (h2 and h3) MG compounds. Avoidance behaviour of disturbed bugs and volatiles emitted by BGs were haplogroup specific, while those from the MG were not. Conclusions: Discriminant and cluster analysis of BG +MG compounds indicate significant separation among the three haplogroups, while alarm response compounds were similar between h2 and h3, both distinct from h1. This latter haplogroup is ancestral phylogenetically to the other two. Our results suggest that alarm responses are a conserved behaviour in the Triatoma dimidiata complex.Fil: May Concha, Irving Jesus. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; MéxicoFil: Rojas, Julio C.. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; MéxicoFil: Cruz López, Leopoldo. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; MéxicoFil: Ibarra-Cerdeña, Carlos N.. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; MéxicoFil: Ramsey, Janine. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Méxic

Revisión de estudios sobre la vivencia emocional de la discapacidad intelectual por parte de los hermanos

Este trabajo pone de relieve la necesidad de prestar atención a la vivencia emocional de la discapacidad intelectual por parte de los hermanos, tanto en sus aspectos positivos como negativos. Para ello se ha realizado una amplia selección y revisión bibliográfica de trabajos de los últimos 9 años que tratan el tema de la fratría y la discapacidad. Finalmente, se revisan diversas aportaciones que contienen información sobre cómo intervenir o abordar estos temas con los hermanos

From Patterning Genes to Process: Unraveling the Gene Regulatory Networks That Pattern Heliconius Wings

Butterfly wing patterns have emerged as exceptional model systems with which to link the developmental and genetic processes that generate morphological variation with the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape this variation in natural populations. Among butterflies, research on species within the genus Heliconius has provided remarkable opportunities to explore how phenotypic diversity is generated within the context of an extraordinary adaptive radiation. Wing pattern diversity among the 48 species and hundreds of intraspecific variants arose within the last 12–14 million years and includes striking pattern convergence between distantly related species, as well as marked pattern divergence between closely related populations and species. Here, we synthesize recent research aimed at gaining a mechanistic understanding of how this variation is generated. This research integrates decades of controlled crossing experiments, and the discovery of major wing patterning genes (optix, aristaless1, WntA and cortex) with recent functional genetic manipulation using CRISPR/Cas9 targeted mutagenesis. The emerging data provides a rich framework with which to explore the repeatability of evolution, particularly within the context of how natural selection acts on divergent gene regulatory networks to generate both highly convergent, as well as highly divergent phenotypes. Overall, the functional data show that the gene regulatory networks underlying pattern variation diverge rapidly in Heliconius; yet these networks retain enough flexibility so that natural selection can drive the evolution of nearly identical patterns from different developmental genetic starting points. Moreover, for the first time this research is starting to illuminate the links between the genetic changes modulating pattern variation and how they influence the larger gene networks that are ultimately responsible for patterning a butterfly wing. There are still large gaps in our understanding, but current research priorities are well laid out and experimental methodologies are in place to address them. The challenge is to synthesize diverse research strategies into a cohesive picture of morphological evolution

Civic education in Spain: a critical review of policy

The international revival in civic education over the past decade did not have a pervading impact on the Spanish education system. Unlike efforts in Britain, many former communist countries and democracies in other parts of the world such as Australia, Spanish efforts to invigorate education for democratic citizenship have been modest. Nevertheless there has been a growing interest and an increasing realization that Spain is part of a new, more democratic Europe which needs civic education for its young people to enhance democratic citizenship. For example, the 1990 General Law for the Regulation of the Spanish Educational System (LOGSE) included Civic Education as part of the planned educational reform for Spain at the end of the Twentieth century. Our objective is to critically analyze the Civic and Moral Education program proposed by the Spanish Ministry of Education, in 1990, from its earliest formulations, including the modifications that have been incorporated until 2001. The legal texts and orders issued by the ministry (MEC: Ministerio Español de Educación y Ciencia) during the specified period were analyzed. Published bibliography presenting the theoretical basis of the proposal, as well as the references concerning its implementation, were also studied. We conclude that despite these efforts in educational reform, if Spain wants to see itself, educationally, as part of the new Europe, it will need to engage a more vigorous program in civic education for democratic citizenship. Currently young people in Spain are not well prepared for active, democratic citizenship in the new Europe and an increasingly globalized worl