17 research outputs found
XLF and APLF bind Ku80 at two remote sites to ensure DNA repair by non-homologous end joining
International audienceThe Ku70-Ku80 (Ku) heterodimer binds rapidly and tightly to the ends of DNA double-strand breaks and recruits factors of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway through molecular interactions that remain unclear. We have determined crystal structures of the Ku-binding motifs (KBM) of the NHEJ proteins APLF (A-KBM) and XLF (X-KBM) bound to a Ku-DNA complex. The two KBM motifs bind remote sites of the Ku80 alpha/beta domain. The X-KBM occupies an internal pocket formed by an unprecedented large outward rotation of the Ku80 alpha/beta domain. We observe independent recruitment of the APLF-interacting protein XRCC4 and of XLF to laser-irradiated sites via binding of A- and X-KBMs, respectively, to Ku80. Finally, we show that mutation of the X-KBM and A-KBM binding sites in Ku80 compromises both the efficiency and accuracy of end joining and cellular radiosensitivity. A- and X-KBMs may represent two initial anchor points to build the intricate interaction network required for NHEJ
Effets de la castration et de lâimmunocastration sur lâaxe corticotrope et le systĂšme immunitaire des porcs
National audienceLa castration chirurgicale des porcs est controversĂ©e pour des raisons de bienâĂȘtre animal. Il est donc nĂ©cessaire dâĂ©tudier les alternatives potentielles comme la production de mĂąles entiers ou immunocastrĂ©s, et de vĂ©rifier que ces alternatives ne soulĂšvent pas de nouveaux problĂšmes de santĂ© ou de bienâĂȘtre animal. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin de comprendre les effets des hormones testiculaires sur lâimmunitĂ© et la rĂ©activitĂ© au stress des porcs. Elle se dĂ©roule sur 65 animaux rĂ©partis en 4 groupes expĂ©rimentaux : entiers, castrĂ©s chirurgicalement (Ă 5/6 jours dâĂąge), vaccinĂ©s contre la GnRH (immunocastrĂ©s), et castrĂ©s puis immunocastrĂ©s. Des prises de sang Ă 3, 4 et 5 mois permettent de valider lâeffet des traitements sur les niveaux circulants de stĂ©roĂŻdes sexuels et dâĂ©tudier les populations lymphocytaires. Le cortisol est dosĂ© dans la salive pour mesurer lâactivitĂ© de lâaxe corticotrope et la rĂ©activitĂ© au stress. Les animaux sont abattus Ă 5 mois pour dĂ©terminer le dĂ©veloppement des testicules, des surrĂ©nales et du thymus. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que lâimmunocastration induit une augmentation des concentrations salivaires de cortisol 24 jours aprĂšs la premiĂšre injection. La castration chirurgicale semble aussi accroĂźtre lâactivitĂ© surrĂ©nalienne. La castration chirurgicale inhiberait partiellement le fonctionnement thymique des porcs (poids du thymus rĂ©duit Ă 5 mois,diminution du nombre de lymphocytes totaux et altĂ©ration des pourcentages des diffĂ©rentes sousâpopulations lymphocytaires sanguines Ă 4 mois et thymiques au stade dâabattage) alors que les effets de lâimmunocastration sont moins clairs. Les consĂ©quences potentielles de ces modifications sur la santĂ© globale des animaux restent Ă dĂ©terminer
Effets de la castration et de lâimmunocastration sur lâaxe corticotrope et le systĂšme immunitaire des porcs
La castration chirurgicale des porcs est controversĂ©e pour des raisons de bienâĂȘtre animal. Il est donc nĂ©cessaire dâĂ©tudier les alternatives potentielles comme la production de mĂąles entiers ou immunocastrĂ©s, et de vĂ©rifier que ces alternatives ne soulĂšvent pas de nouveaux problĂšmes de santĂ© ou de bienâĂȘtre animal. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e afin de comprendre les effets des hormones testiculaires sur lâimmunitĂ© et la rĂ©activitĂ© au stress des porcs. Elle se dĂ©roule sur 65 animaux rĂ©partis en 4 groupes expĂ©rimentaux : entiers, castrĂ©s chirurgicalement (Ă 5/6 jours dâĂąge), vaccinĂ©s contre la GnRH (immunocastrĂ©s), et castrĂ©s puis immunocastrĂ©s. Des prises de sang Ă 3, 4 et 5 mois permettent de valider lâeffet des traitements sur les niveaux circulants de stĂ©roĂŻdes sexuels et dâĂ©tudier les populations lymphocytaires. Le cortisol est dosĂ© dans la salive pour mesurer lâactivitĂ© de lâaxe corticotrope et la rĂ©activitĂ© au stress. Les animaux sont abattus Ă 5 mois pour dĂ©terminer le dĂ©veloppement des testicules, des surrĂ©nales et du thymus. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que lâimmunocastration induit une augmentation des concentrations salivaires de cortisol 24 jours aprĂšs la premiĂšre injection. La castration chirurgicale semble aussi accroĂźtre lâactivitĂ© surrĂ©nalienne. La castration chirurgicale inhiberait partiellement le fonctionnement thymique des porcs (poids du thymus rĂ©duit Ă 5 mois,diminution du nombre de lymphocytes totaux et altĂ©ration des pourcentages des diffĂ©rentes sousâpopulations lymphocytaires sanguines Ă 4 mois et thymiques au stade dâabattage) alors que les effets de lâimmunocastration sont moins clairs. Les consĂ©quences potentielles de ces modifications sur la santĂ© globale des animaux restent Ă dĂ©terminer
Odeurs de verrat : effets génétiques et non génétiques
The European pig industry is engaged in a voluntary abandonment of surgical castration of male piglets by 2018. A condition of this abandonment is to solve different problems related to breeding boars, especially meat quality. One of the best ways is that of genetics, including genomic selection. A resource population has been implemented using French Pietrain pigs raised in a control animal testing station. About 1000 Pietrain type or crossâtype Pietrain x Large White boars were raised and slaughtered to determine the characteristics of sexual development, body composition and above all meat quality traits. Plasma testosterone concentration differed from one genetic type to another, but the differences were generally small. This concentration was not affected by the batch or by the weight of the animals or by their age at measurement. Androstenone content in backfat was not affected by the batch but the average almost doubled from one genetic type to another, the highest levels being observed both in one Pietrain type and in one crossbred type. Androstenone content increased with slaughter weight and plasma testosterone concentration. The effect of slaughter age depended on the genetic type. Skatole content in backfat was little affected by the concentration of testosterone, but varied from one batch to another, from one genetic type to another and decreased with age at slaughter.Les filiĂšres porcines europĂ©ennes se sont engagĂ©es dans une dĂ©marche volontaire dâabandon de la castration chirurgicale des porcelets mĂąles Ă lâhorizon 2018. Lâune des conditions de cet abandon est de rĂ©soudre les diffĂ©rents problĂšmes liĂ©s Ă lâĂ©levage de mĂąles entiers, et plus particuliĂšrement ceux de qualitĂ© de viande. Lâune des voies privilĂ©giĂ©es est celle de la gĂ©nĂ©tique, notamment la sĂ©lection gĂ©nomique. Une population ressource a donc Ă©tĂ© mise en oeuvre dans des populations françaises de type PiĂ©train, avec un contrĂŽle des animaux en station de testage. Environ 1000 verrats de type PiĂ©train ou de type croisĂ© PiĂ©train x Large White ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©levĂ©s et abattus pour dĂ©terminer les caractĂšres de production, de dĂ©veloppement sexuel, de composition corporelle et surtout de dĂ©faut dâodeur de viande. La concentration en testostĂ©rone plasmatique diffĂšre dâun type gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă lâautre, mais les diffĂ©rences restent globalement faibles. Cette concentration nâest pas affectĂ©e par la bande dâĂ©levage, par le poids des animaux ou par leur Ăąge Ă la mesure. La teneur en androstĂ©none de la bardiĂšre nâest pas affectĂ©e par lâeffet de la bande dâĂ©levage mais varie quasiment du simple au double en moyenne dâun type gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă lâautre, les teneurs les plus Ă©levĂ©es Ă©tant observĂ©es Ă la fois dans un des types PiĂ©train pur et dans un des types croisĂ©s. Cette teneur augmente avec le poids dâabattage et la concentration plasmatique en testostĂ©rone. Lâeffet de lâĂąge Ă lâabattage dĂ©pend du type gĂ©nĂ©tique. La teneur en scatol de la bardiĂšre est peu affectĂ©e par la concentration en testostĂ©rone mais varie dâune bande Ă lâautre, dâun type gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă lâautre et diminue avec lâĂąge Ă lâabattage
Odeurs de verrat : effets génétiques et non génétiques
Les filiĂšres porcines europĂ©ennes se sont engagĂ©es dans une dĂ©marche volontaire dâabandon de la castration chirurgicale des porcelets mĂąles Ă lâhorizon 2018. Lâune des conditions de cet abandon est de rĂ©soudre les diffĂ©rents problĂšmes liĂ©s Ă lâĂ©levage de mĂąles entiers, et plus particuliĂšrement ceux de qualitĂ© de viande. Lâune des voies privilĂ©giĂ©es est celle de la gĂ©nĂ©tique, notamment la sĂ©lection gĂ©nomique. Une population ressource a donc Ă©tĂ© mise en oeuvre dans des populations françaises de type PiĂ©train, avec un contrĂŽle des animaux en station de testage. Environ 1000 verrats de type PiĂ©train ou de type croisĂ© PiĂ©train x Large White ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©levĂ©s et abattus pour dĂ©terminer les caractĂšres de production, de dĂ©veloppement sexuel, de composition corporelle et surtout de dĂ©faut dâodeur de viande. La concentration en testostĂ©rone plasmatique diffĂšre dâun type gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă lâautre, mais les diffĂ©rences restent globalement faibles. Cette concentration nâest pas affectĂ©e par la bande dâĂ©levage, par le poids des animaux ou par leur Ăąge Ă la mesure. La teneur en androstĂ©none de la bardiĂšre nâest pas affectĂ©e par lâeffet de la bande dâĂ©levage mais varie quasiment du simple au double en moyenne dâun type gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă lâautre, les teneurs les plus Ă©levĂ©es Ă©tant observĂ©es Ă la fois dans un des types PiĂ©train pur et dans un des types croisĂ©s. Cette teneur augmente avec le poids dâabattage et la concentration plasmatique en testostĂ©rone. Lâeffet de lâĂąge Ă lâabattage dĂ©pend du type gĂ©nĂ©tique. La teneur en scatol de la bardiĂšre est peu affectĂ©e par la concentration en testostĂ©rone mais varie dâune bande Ă lâautre, dâun type gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă lâautre et diminue avec lâĂąge Ă lâabattage.The European pig industry is engaged in a voluntary abandonment of surgical castration of male piglets by 2018. A condition of this abandonment is to solve different problems related to breeding boars, especially meat quality. One of the best ways is that of genetics, including genomic selection. A resource population has been implemented using French Pietrain pigs raised in a control animal testing station. About 1000 Pietrain type or crossâtype Pietrain x Large White boars were raised and slaughtered to determine the characteristics of sexual development, body composition and above all meat quality traits. Plasma testosterone concentration differed from one genetic type to another, but the differences were generally small. This concentration was not affected by the batch or by the weight of the animals or by their age at measurement. Androstenone content in backfat was not affected by the batch but the average almost doubled from one genetic type to another, the highest levels being observed both in one Pietrain type and in one crossbred type. Androstenone content increased with slaughter weight and plasma testosterone concentration. The effect of slaughter age depended on the genetic type. Skatole content in backfat was little affected by the concentration of testosterone, but varied from one batch to another, from one genetic type to another and decreased with age at slaughter
Ăvaluation de la pubertĂ© de cochettes Landrace français et indentification de facteurs de variation
International audienceWhile insemination at first estrus is not recommended, most studies agree on the benefits of early puberty, both for reproductive performance and sow longevity. In the swine population in France, sexual maturity is expected at ca. 200 days of age. Although age at puberty is crucial information, it is not recorded on farms. Since selection for low boar taint influences male puberty, it raises questions about its potential side effects on female reproductive ability. This study was carried out as part of a project that assessed impacts of selection against boar taint on the reproduction of Landrace females. The sexual maturity of 1878 gilts at ca. 200 days of age was evaluated on five farms using quantitative plasma progesterone analysis in two blood samples taken 10 days apart. Cutoff values of 2.5 or 5.0 ng/mL gave similar estimates of 19% immature gilts, with a large variation among farms (8-49%). Insemination was not performed for 4% of gilts, 9% were re-inseminated during the first cycle and 15% did not farrow. The rate of earlyreproduction difficulties varied greatly among farms. The influence of immaturity at 200 days was generally low, with a large farm effect. Further investigation is required to analyze long-term effects of late puberty
Déterminisme génétique du risque d'odeur de verrat dans la population Landrace français
International audienceFollowing the cessation of piglet castration, genetic improvement of pig lines can help minimize the occurrence of the defect in meat quality called boar taint, which is developed by non-castrated males. Since pig breeds differ in their risk of developing boar taint, it is important to consider line-by-line selection by estimating genetic parameters of odorant compounds in relation to sexual development and production traits. The present study focused on French Landrace, one of the main French maternal lines. Approximately 1000 non-castrated males were raised and then slaughtered to measure growth performance, body composition and meat quality, including concentrations of the fat-odorant compounds androstenone and skatole. A blood sample was taken just before slaughtering to measure plasma levels of four steroid hormones. Genetic parameters were estimated from the standardized and then centered reduced variables. As expected, heritability values were high for androstenone (h 2 =0.69) and estradiol (h 2 =0.79). Genetic correlations of boar taint compounds were moderate to high with testosterone and estradiol but close to 0 with progesterone and cortisol. Genetic correlations of the compounds were relatively low with growth rate, ultimate pH or color, but moderate and favorable with carcass leanness. It is therefore possible to include reduction in fat-odorant molecules in selection objectives, either directly or via sex hormones, while controlling their impacts on production performance.DĂ©terminisme gĂ©nĂ©tique du risque d'odeur de verrat dans la population Landrace français L'amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique des lignĂ©es porcines peut favoriser l'arrĂȘt de la castration des porcelets tout en minimisant les dĂ©fauts de qualitĂ© de viande dĂ©veloppĂ©s par les mĂąles entiers. Tous les types gĂ©nĂ©tiques ne prĂ©sentent pas le mĂȘme niveau de risque vis-Ă -vis de l'odeur de verrat. Aussi, il est important de considĂ©rer une sĂ©lection lignĂ©e par lignĂ©e en estimant les paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques des composĂ©s odorants en lien avec le dĂ©veloppement sexuel et les caractĂšres de production. L'Ă©tude s'est intĂ©ressĂ©e au Landrace français, une des principales lignĂ©es maternelles françaises. Environ 1000 mĂąles non castrĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©levĂ©s, ont eu une prise de sang puis ont Ă©tĂ© abattus afin de mesurer les performances de croissance et de composition corporelle, de qualitĂ© de viande, les niveaux sanguins d'hormones sexuelles et les concentrations des composĂ©s odorants du gras. Les paramĂštres gĂ©nĂ©tiques ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©s sur les variables normalisĂ©es puis centrĂ©es rĂ©duites. Les hĂ©ritabilitĂ©s sont conformes aux attendus, trĂšs Ă©levĂ©es pour l'androstĂ©none (h 2 =0,69) et l'oestradiol (h 2 =0,79). Les corrĂ©lations gĂ©nĂ©tiques des composĂ©s odorants sont modĂ©rĂ©es Ă Ă©levĂ©es avec la testostĂ©rone et l'oestradiol mais proches de 0 avec la progestĂ©rone et le cortisol. Les corrĂ©lations gĂ©nĂ©tiques avec la vitesse de croissance, le pH ultime ou la couleur sont plutĂŽt faibles, alors qu'elles sont modĂ©rĂ©es et favorables avec l'adipositĂ© de la carcasse. Il est donc possible d'intĂ©grer la diminution de la teneur en molĂ©cules odorantes du gras dans les objectifs de sĂ©lection, soit directement, soit via les hormones sexuelles, tout en maitrisant l'incidence sur les performances de production
Placenta and adrenal adaptation according to piglet genetic potential for maturity at birth
Placenta and adrenal adaptation according to piglet genetic potential for maturity at birth. 10. International Conference on Pig Reproduction (ICPR
Dataset describing the effects of housing environment, dominance status and parity on the PBMC transcriptome of sows during gestation and lactation
International audienceBlood immune cells transcriptome can be used as a tool to investigate molecular mechanisms or identify biomarkers of several physiological processes. Factors such as reproductive status, age, or physical and mental states resulting from social and non-social environmental aspects can influence the activation and phenotype of immune cells. This data paper describes the gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of multiparous sows, using RNA sequencing. Sows of various parity ranks were housed during gestation in a stable social group either in a conventional environment on a slatted concrete floor (C) or in an enriched environment with deep straw litter and a bigger space allowance (E). Videos were recorded between days 99 and 104 of gestation (G99 and G104) to determine the sowsâ dominance status. Blood samples were collected at 98 days of gestation (G98) and 12 days of lactation (L12) and the PBMC fraction was isolated. Then, total RNA was extracted from PBMC and submitted to next-generation sequencing using the Illumina NextSeq 2000 system. Quality control, mapping, and annotation were performed using the Dragen RNA v3.8.4 software. The differential analysis was performed using the R package DESeq2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using a criterion of Padj cut-off < 0.1 and FC > 1.2 or < 0.83 to identify up-regulated and down-regulated genes. For each time point (G98 and L11), the following contrasts were used for the differential analysis: sows housed in the enriched environment compared to the conventional environment [E vs C], dominant sows compared to subordinate sows [Dom vs Sub], and high parity sows (HP: 4th gestation or higher) compared to low parity sows (LP: 2nd and 3rd gestation) [HP vs LP]. The identified DEGs were used for functional analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. To our knowledge, this is the first dataset allowing the investigation of the simultaneous effects of housing environment, dominance status, and parity on the PBMC transcriptome of adult sows. These data could also be used to compare the transcriptome of pregnant and lactating females
Impact of Antiplatelet Therapy During Endovascular Therapy for Tandem Occlusions
International audienceBackground and Purpose- Antiplatelet agents could be used in the setting of endovascular therapy for tandem occlusions to reduce the risk of de novo intracranial embolic migration, reocclusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery lesion, or in-stent thrombosis in case of carotid stent placement but have to be balanced with the intracerebral hemorrhagic transformation risk. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of acute antiplatelet therapy administration on outcomes during endovascular therapy for anterior circulation tandem occlusions. Methods- This is a retrospective analysis of a collaborative pooled analysis of 11 prospective databases from the multicenter observational TITAN registry (Thrombectomy in Tandem Lesions). Patients were divided into groups based on the number of antiplatelet administered during endovascular therapy. The primary outcome was favorable outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days. Results- This study included a total of 369 patients; 145 (39.3%) did not receive any antiplatelet agent and 224 (60.7%) received at least 1 antiplatelet agent during the procedure. Rate of favorable outcome was nonsignificantly higher in patients treated with antiplatelet therapy (58.3%) compared with those treated without antiplatelet (46.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 0.78-2.43]; P=0.26). Rate of 90-day mortality was significantly lower in patients treated with antiplatelet therapy (11.2% versus 18.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.22-0.98]; P=0.042), without increasing the risk of any intracerebral hemorrhage. Successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score 2b-3) rate was significantly better in the antiplatelet therapy group (83.9% versus 71.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.01-3.64]; P=0.045). Conclusions- Administration of antiplatelet therapy during endovascular therapy for anterior circulation tandem occlusions was safe and was associated with a lower 90-day mortality. Optimal antiplatelet therapy remains to be assessed, especially when emergent carotid artery stenting is performed. Further randomized controlled trials are needed