7 research outputs found
El pensamiento polÃtico de la Contrarreforma y la razón de estado
This article reconstructs the history of political thought from the sixteenth to the first decades of seventeenth century: a period of strong conflicts between the religious sphere and the political changes of the states in their trajectory towards absolutism. The analysis of the polemic against Machiavelli, Bodin and the politiques shows how it was questioned at the conceptual and practical levels the autonomy of politics from religious morality and the tendency of the states to evade ecclesiastical control respectively. The schools of thought discussed here –from anti-Machiavellism to the encomiastic literature of the existent governments, from Tacitism to the reason State, to the critical writings of the society, mainly utopia- outline on the one hand, the effort to preserve an image of politics as just government, with a virtuous prince, but on the other, the inevitable commitment to the praxis of political realism, well represented by the developments of the concept of reason of State in Botero and other writers from the seventeenth century. It was only with the arrival of Modern natural law which brought to the fore the questions of the origin and purpose of civil society, that political thought partly detached from the eternal conflict between morals and political praxis opening the era of rational and scientific research and individual rights.Este artÃculo reconstruye la historia del pensamiento polÃtico de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI a las primeras décadas del siglo XVII: un perÃodo de fuertes conflictos entre la esfera religiosa y los cambios polÃticos de los estados más avanzados hacia el absolutismo. El análisis de la polémica contra Maquiavelo, Bodin, y los politiques muestra como fueron cuestionados en el plano conceptual la autonomÃa de la polÃtica de la moral religiosa y en el plano práctico la tendencia de los estados a sustraerse del control eclesiástico. Las corrientes de pensamiento que se analizan aquà –del antimaquiavelismo a la literatura encomiástica de los gobiernos existentes, del tacitismo a la razón de Estado, hasta las escrituras crÃticas de la sociedad como la utopÃa- perfilan por un lado el esfuerzo de conservar una imagen de la polÃtica como gobierno justo, con un prÃncipe virtuoso, pero por el otro el inevitable compromiso con las praxis del realismo polÃtico, bien representado por la evolución del concepto de razón de Estado en Botero y en otros escritores del siglo XVII. Fue sólo con la llegada del derecho natural moderno, que puso en primer plano la cuestión del origen y los fines de la sociedad civil, que el pensamiento polÃtico se sustrajo en parte de la discusión sobre el eterno conflicto entre moral y praxis polÃtica para abrir la era de la investigación racional y cientÃfica y de los derechos individuales
Realismo e utopia: una variabile disarmonia
The essay presents a concise historical overview of the utopian tradition, focused on its relation with political realism. This has always been a complex and shifting relation, both for the conceptual richness and for the variety of literary works that it has produced, especially as far as the long history of the utopian genre – from classical antiquity to the XXth century – is considered. Since the publication of More’s work, «utopia» serves several purposes: in addition to the original task of designing the optimal form of state, it conveys eschatological hope, disseminates the products of modern scientific and philosophical investigation, plans reformist and revolutionary projects, drafts practical experiments of building an ideal community