5 research outputs found
Extinction risk and conservation of the world\u27s sharks and rays
The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes—sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world’s ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery
First record of a smalltooth sandtiger shark, Odontaspis ferox, from the Galápagos Islands
Electrolux addisoni  , a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy
A new genus and species of sleeper ray, Electrolux addisoni (Family
Narkidae), with two dorsal fins is described from two adult males
(total lengths 50 and 52 cm) caught on a shallow reef off the east
coast of South Africa. Electrolux is distinguished from other genera of
Narkidae by its prominent spiracular papillae, the morphology of its
nostrils, nasal curtain, mouth, jaws, chondrocranium, basibranchial
skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and unique and complex colour
pattern. It has higher vertebral, pectoral radial, tooth and intestinal
valve counts than other narkids and reaches a greater size than all
species with the possibly exception of Typhlonarke aysoni . Taxonomic
definitions are provided for the electric rays, for the family
Narkidae, and for Electrolux, as well as keys to families of electric
rays and to the genera of Narkidae. The systematics of the narkid genus
Heteronarce is reviewed and the genus validated. Members of the
Narkidae may include the smallest, or at least the shortest, living
chondrichthyans (Temera hardwickii and an undescribed species of
Narke). Electrolux addisoni is a reef-dweller that eats polychaete
worms and small crustaceans, and has been photographed and videotaped
by divers while actively feeding in the daytime. The conspicuous dorsal
colour pattern may be aposematic, as the ray was seen to make a
possible threat display when closely approached. Electrolux addisoni is
recorded from four localities along an approximately 310 km. strip of
coastline from Coffee Bay, Eastern Cape Province, to just north of
Durban, kwaZulu-Natal inside the 50 m isobath. This conspicuous, active
ray is known only from a few diver records from reefs reported over
approximately two decades, and its conservation status needs to be
critically assessed
Rhinobatos nudidorsalis , a new species of shovelnose ray (Batoidea: Rhinobatidae) from the Mascarene Ridge, central Indian Ocean
Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays
The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes—sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world’s ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery