The Color Accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk Theory for Various Colorants in Maxillofacial Prosthetic Material

The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly found between the optical coefficients and the concentration of the colorants. These relationships indicated occasional optical interaction between the colorants and the elastomer. Color differences between theoretical and observed colors of the thick samples averaged 2.96, 3.47, and 1.60 for the opacifiers, mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants, respectively, when measured using the CIELAB uniform-color space. The agreement between theoretical and observed colors was significantly closer for the fibrous colorants than for the dry mineral earth pigments of the same labeled color.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67968/2/10.1177_00220345870660090601.pd

The Colors of Mixtures of Dental Opaque Porcelains

The colors of mixtures of dental opaque porcelains and modifiers were measured with use of the CIE L*a * b* uniform color space. Mixtures of dental porcelains were tested to duplicate the range of human tooth colors. Vertical movements in the yellow and blue directions were obtained. Horizontal movements in the red and green directions were achieved. Reflectance measurements were made with use of a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Spectrophotometer measurements were converted to absolute reflectance and then used to calculate CIE a* b* values for a 2° standard observer and for illuminant C. Movements in the yellow, red, blue, and green directions for adequate simulation of the tooth color range can be demonstrated with use of dental opaque and modifier porcelains.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67312/2/10.1177_00220345890680090601.pd

Feasibility of recovered toner powder as an integral pigment in concrete

Colour is an important property in many construction materials with pigments, coatings and paints being used primarily for aesthetic, safety and restoration purposes. However, the use of integral pigments in materials like mortar and concrete can significantly increase material costs. Recovered toner powder (RTP) from printer and photocopier cartridges has the potential to be a low cost, sustainable alternative pigment. The aim of this research was to examine the feasibility of using cyan, yellow, magenta and black RTP to create a range of colour options for mortar and concrete, and thereafter assess the colour stability in outdoor, indoor, UV and wet/dry conditions using the colour change parameter (ΔE). The work showed that the RTP as a pigment could be blended to make a range of primary and secondary colours had good colour stability in all environments with minimal impact on selected properties of hardened concrete

Effect of vacuum cooking treatment on physicochemical and structural characteristics of purple-flesh potato

Cook-vide (CV, vacuum boiling) and sous-vide (SV, cooking in a vacuum-sealed pouch) have been applied to cook purple-flesh potatoes. Response surface methodology (RSM) sets up the work conditions of temperatures (78 92 °C) and times (16 44 min). Textural parameters, colour and anthocyanins have been measured in cooked samples, and microstructure of cooked tissues was observed with cryo-SEM technique. CV and SV provided similar hardness (P > 0.05), while SV treatments provided samples more adhesive and cohesive than CV ones (P ≤ 0.05). Micrographs of cooked samples showed rounder cells in cook-vide samples and higher swelling than in sous-vide ones. SV treatment avoided the leaching into the water of anthocyanins (chromophore) retaining more of them in potatoes (P ≤ 0.05), as a consequence of which total colour difference was lower in SV samples compared with CV ones (P ≤ 0.05). Particularly, CV samples were lighter (higher values of L*) and less reddish (lower values of +a*) than SV ones (P ≤ 0.05).Consuelo Iborra-Bernad has received research grant from the Generalitat Valenciana. Purificacion Garcia-Segovia declares that she has no conflict of interest. Javier Martinez-Monzo declares that he has no conflict of interest.Iborra Bernad, MDC.; García Segovia, P.; Martínez Monzó, J. (2014). Effect of vacuum cooking treatment on physicochemical and structural characteristics of purple-flesh potato. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 49(4):943-951. doi:10.1111/ijfs.12385S943951494Alarcão-E-Silva, M. L. C. M. M., Leitão, A. E. B., Azinheira, H. G., & Leitão, M. C. A. (2001). The Arbutus Berry: Studies on its Color and Chemical Characteristics at Two Mature Stages. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 14(1), 27-35. doi:10.1006/jfca.2000.0962Alvarez, M. D., & Canet, W. (1999). Optimization of stepwise blanching of frozen-thawed potato tissues (cv. Monalisa). European Food Research and Technology, 210(2), 102-108. doi:10.1007/s002170050543Alvarez, M. D., & Canet, W. (2001). Kinetics of thermal softening of potato tissue heated by different methods. European Food Research and Technology, 212(4), 454-464. doi:10.1007/s002170000278Alvarez, M. D., & Canet, W. (2002). A comparison of various rheological properties for modelling the kinetics of thermal softening of potato tissue (c.v. Monalisa) by water cooking and pressure steaming. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 37(1), 41-55. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00521.xAlvarez, M., Canet, W., & Tortosa, M. (2001). Kinetics of thermal softening of potato tissue (cv. Monalisa) by water heating. European Food Research and Technology, 212(5), 588-596. doi:10.1007/s002170100295Binner, S., Jardine, W., Renard, C., & Jarvis, M. (2000). Cell wall modifications during cooking of potatoes and sweet potatoes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80(2), 216-218. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(20000115)80:23.0.co;2-6Bontempo, P., Carafa, V., Grassi, R., Basile, A., Tenore, G. C., Formisano, C., … Altucci, L. (2013). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 304-312. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.048Box, G. E. P., & Hunter, J. S. (1957). Multi-Factor Experimental Designs for Exploring Response Surfaces. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 28(1), 195-241. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177707047Brown, C. R. (2005). Antioxidants in potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 82(2), 163-172. doi:10.1007/bf02853654De Baerdemaeker, J., & Nicolaï, B. M. (1995). Equipment considerations for sous vide cooking. Food Control, 6(4), 229-236. doi:10.1016/0956-7135(95)00008-fFan, G., Han, Y., Gu, Z., & Chen, D. (2008). Optimizing conditions for anthocyanins extraction from purple sweet potato using response surface methodology (RSM). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 41(1), 155-160. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2007.01.019Fedec, P., Ooraikul, B., & Hadziyev, D. (1977). Microstructure of Raw and Granulated Potatoes. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal, 10(4), 295-306. doi:10.1016/s0315-5463(77)73551-5García-Segovia, P., Andrés-Bello, A., & Martínez-Monzó, J. (2008). Textural properties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Monalisa) as affected by different cooking processes. Journal of Food Engineering, 88(1), 28-35. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.12.001García-Segovia, P., Barreto-Palacios, V., Iborra-Bernad, C., Andrés-Bello, A., González-Carrascosa, R., Bretón, J., & Martínez-Monzó, J. (2012). Improvement of a culinary recipe by applying sensory analysis: Design of the New Tarte Tatin. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 1(1), 54-60. doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2011.11.011Greve, L. C., Shackel, K. A., Ahmadi, H., McArdle, R. N., Gohlke, J. R., & Labavitch, J. M. (1994). Impact of Heating on Carrot Firmness: Contribution of Cellular Turgor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42(12), 2896-2899. doi:10.1021/jf00048a047Hoover, R. (2001). Composition, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches: a review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 45(3), 253-267. doi:10.1016/s0144-8617(00)00260-5Iborra-Bernad, C., Philippon, D., García-Segovia, P., & Martínez-Monzó, J. (2013). Optimizing the texture and color of sous-vide and cook-vide green bean pods. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 51(2), 507-513. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.12.001Jarvis, M. C. (1998). Intercellular separation forces generated by intracellular pressure. Plant, Cell and Environment, 21(12), 1307-1310. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00363.xJarvis, M. C., Mackenzie, E., & Duncan, H. J. (1992). The textural analysis of cooked potato. 2. Swelling pressure of starch during gelatinisation. Potato Research, 35(1), 93-102. doi:10.1007/bf02357730JARVIS, M. C., BRIGGS, S. P. H., & KNOX, J. P. (2003). Intercellular adhesion and cell separation in plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 26(7), 977-989. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01034.xKarlsson, M. E., & Eliasson, A.-C. (2003). Gelatinization and retrogradation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) starch in situ as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 36(8), 735-741. doi:10.1016/s0023-6438(03)00093-8Lachman, J., Hamouz, K., Šulc, M., Orsák, M., Pivec, V., Hejtmánková, A., … Čepl, J. (2009). Cultivar differences of total anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in red and purple-fleshed potatoes and their relation to antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 114(3), 836-843. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.029Martínez-Hernández, G. B., Artés-Hernández, F., Colares-Souza, F., Gómez, P. A., García-Gómez, P., & Artés, F. (2012). Innovative Cooking Techniques for Improving the Overall Quality of a Kailan-Hybrid Broccoli. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 6(8), 2135-2149. doi:10.1007/s11947-012-0871-0Moyano, P. C., Troncoso, E., & Pedreschi, F. (2007). Modeling Texture Kinetics during Thermal Processing of Potato Products. Journal of Food Science, 72(2), E102-E107. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00267.xMUDAHAR, G. S., TOLEDO, R. T., & JEN, J. J. (1990). A RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH to OPTIMIZE POTATO DEHYDRATION PROCESS. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 14(2), 93-106. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4549.1990.tb00831.xOren-Shamir, M. (2009). Does anthocyanin degradation play a significant role in determining pigment concentration in plants? Plant Science, 177(4), 310-316. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.06.015Patras, A., Brunton, N. P., O’Donnell, C., & Tiwari, B. K. (2010). Effect of thermal processing on anthocyanin stability in foods; mechanisms and kinetics of degradation. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 21(1), 3-11. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2009.07.004Rinaldi, M., Dall’Asta, C., Meli, F., Morini, E., Pellegrini, N., Gatti, M., & Chiavaro, E. (2012). Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Sous-Vide-Processed Carrots and Brussels Sprouts. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 6(11), 3076-3087. doi:10.1007/s11947-012-0973-8Schafheitle, J. M. (1990). The Sous‐vide System for Preparing Chilled Meals. British Food Journal, 92(5), 23-27. doi:10.1108/00070709010139427Schellekens, M. (1996). New research issues in sous-vide cooking. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 7(8), 256-262. doi:10.1016/0924-2244(96)10027-3Shomer, I. (1995). Swelling behaviour of cell wall and starch in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber cells — I. Starch leakage and structure of single cells. Carbohydrate Polymers, 26(1), 47-54. doi:10.1016/0144-8617(95)98834-4Shomer, I., Vasiliver, R., & Lindner, P. (1995). Swelling behaviour of cell wall and starch in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber cells — II. Permeability and swelling in macerates. Carbohydrate Polymers, 26(1), 55-59. doi:10.1016/0144-8617(95)98835-5Singh, K., Chugh, V., Sahi, G. K., & Chhuneja, P. (2012). Wheat: Mechanisms and Genetic Means for Improving Heat Tolerance. Improving Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stress, 657-694. doi:10.1002/9783527632930.ch29THYBO, A. K., MARTENS, H. J., & LYSHEDE, O. B. (2006). Texture and Microstructure of Steam Cooked, Vacuum Packed Potatoes. Journal of Food Science, 63(4), 692-695. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15814.xTrejo Araya, X. I., Smale, N., Zabaras, D., Winley, E., Forde, C., Stewart, C. M., & Mawson, A. J. (2009). Sensory perception and quality attributes of high pressure processed carrots in comparison to raw, sous-vide and cooked carrots. 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Occupational UV exposure of environmental agents in Valencia, Spain

The aim of this paper is to measure UV exposure of environmental agents in their occupational schedules in summer in Valencia province (Spain) using VioSpor personal dosimeters attached to several parts of their bodies. Due to its geographical situation, Valencia receives large UVR doses throughout the year, and the work of environmental agents is directly related to the protection, care, and custody of natural, often in mountainous areas. Comparison with the occupational UV exposure limit showed that the agents received an erythemal UV dose in excess of occupational guidelines, indicating that protective measures against this risk are highly advisable.The authors wish to thank the environmental agents of the Conselleria de Infraestructuras, Territorio y Medio Ambiente of the Generalitat Valenciana for their cooperation in this study. We also wish to thank the Head of the Conselleria for permitting the workers to take part. We are also grateful to the State Agency for Meteorology and the Generalitat Valenciana for providing us with access to their meteorological data. The data used in this work were originally acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The translation of this study was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain. The research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within Research Project CGL2010-15931 and by the Generalitat Valenciana within the PROMETEO/2010/064 Project.Serrano Jareño, MA.; Cañada, J.; Moreno Esteve, JC.; Gurrea Ysasi, G. (2014). Occupational UV exposure of environmental agents in Valencia, Spain. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 90:911-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12252S91191890Juzeniene, A., Brekke, P., Dahlback, A., Andersson-Engels, S., Reichrath, J., Moan, K., … Moan, J. (2011). Solar radiation and human health. Reports on Progress in Physics, 74(6), 066701. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/74/6/066701Norval, M., Lucas, R. M., Cullen, A. P., de Gruijl, F. R., Longstreth, J., Takizawa, Y., & van der Leun, J. C. (2011). The human health effects of ozone depletion and interactions with climate change. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 10(2), 199. doi:10.1039/c0pp90044cSklar, L. R., Almutawa, F., Lim, H. W., & Hamzavi, I. (2013). Effects of ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation on erythema and pigmentation: a review. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 12(1), 54-64. doi:10.1039/c2pp25152cGarbe, C., & Leiter, U. (2009). Melanoma epidemiology and trends. Clinics in Dermatology, 27(1), 3-9. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.09.001Madan, V., Lear, J. T., & Szeimies, R.-M. (2010). Non-melanoma skin cancer. The Lancet, 375(9715), 673-685. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61196-xLomas, A., Leonardi‐Bee, J., & Bath‐Hextall, F. (2012). A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. British Journal of Dermatology, 166(5), 1069-1080. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10830.xArnold , M. C. Holterhues L. M. Hollestein J. W. W. Coebergh T. Nijsten E. Pukkala B. Holleczek L. Tryggvad_ottir H. Comber M. J. Bento C. H. S. Diba R. Micallef M. Primic_Zakelj M. I. Izarzugaza J. Perucha R. Marcos-Gragera J. Galceran E. Ardanaz R. Schaffar A. Pring E. de Vries 2013 Trends in incidence and predictions of cutaneous melanoma across Europe up to 2015 10.1111/jdv.12236Erdmann, F., Lortet-Tieulent, J., Schüz, J., Zeeb, H., Greinert, R., Breitbart, E. W., & Bray, F. (2012). International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953-2008-are recent generations at higher or lower risk? International Journal of Cancer, 132(2), 385-400. doi:10.1002/ijc.27616Ferlay , J. H. R. Shin F. Bray D. Forman C. Mathers D. M. Parkin 2010 GLOBOCAN 2008 v2.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10 [Internet] International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France http://globocan.iarc.frHousman, T. S., Feldman, S. R., Williford, P. M., Fleischer, A. B., Goldman, N. D., Acostamadiedo, J. M., & Chen, G. J. (2003). Skin cancer is among the most costly of all cancers to treat for the Medicare population. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 48(3), 425-429. doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.186De Vries, E., van de Poll-Franse, L. V., Louwman, W. J., de Gruijl, F. R., & Coebergh, J. W. W. (2005). Predictions of skin cancer incidence in the Netherlands up to 2015. British Journal of Dermatology, 152(3), 481-488. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06386.xCáncer en cifras Centro Nacional de Epidemiología Instituto de Salud Carlos III http://193.146.50.130/morta/grafs.php#grafsDe Vries, E., Bray, F. I., Coebergh, J. W. W., & Parkin, D. M. (2003). Changing epidemiology of malignant cutaneous melanoma in Europe 1953-1997: Rising trends in incidence and mortality but recent stabilizations in Western Europe and decreases in Scandinavia. International Journal of Cancer, 107(1), 119-126. doi:10.1002/ijc.11360Ferlay, J., Steliarova-Foucher, E., Lortet-Tieulent, J., Rosso, S., Coebergh, J. W. W., Comber, H., … Bray, F. (2013). Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries in 2012. European Journal of Cancer, 49(6), 1374-1403. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2012.12.027European Detailed Mortality Database World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe http://data.euro.who.int/hfamdb/De Gruijl, F. R. (2011). Sufficient Vitamin D from Casual Sun Exposure? Photochemistry and Photobiology, 87(3), 598-601. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00918.xWebb, A. R., Kift, R., Berry, J. L., & Rhodes, L. E. (2011). The Vitamin D Debate: Translating Controlled Experiments into Reality for Human Sun Exposure Times. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 87(3), 741-745. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00898.xJohn, E. M., Koo, J., & Schwartz, G. G. (2007). Sun Exposure and Prostate Cancer Risk: Evidence for a Protective Effect of Early-Life Exposure. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 16(6), 1283-1286. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1053Grant, W. B. (2010). Relation between prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and incidence of breast, colorectal, and other cancers. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 101(2), 130-136. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.04.008Kampman, M. T., & Steffensen, L. H. (2010). The role of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 101(2), 137-141. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.04.003Zittermann, A., & Gummert, J. F. (2010). Sun, vitamin D, and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 101(2), 124-129. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.01.006EUROMELANOMA Campaign 2012 http://www.euromelanoma.org/spain/home-1Stratigos, A. J., Forsea, A. M., van der Leest, R. J. T., de Vries, E., Nagore, E., Bulliard, J.-L., … del Marmol, V. (2012). Euromelanoma: a dermatology-led European campaign against nonmelanoma skin cancer and cutaneous melanoma. Past, present and future. British Journal of Dermatology, 167, 99-104. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11092.xCAREX project http://www.esf.org/research-areas/space-sciences/activities/carex-project.htmlGies, P., & Wright, J. (2003). Measured Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposures of Outdoor Workers in Queensland in the Building and Construction Industry¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 78(4), 342. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0782.0.co;2Moehrle, M., Dennenmoser, B., & Garbe, C. (2003). Continuous long-term monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals extremely high exposure. International Journal of Cancer, 103(6), 775-778. doi:10.1002/ijc.10884Thieden, E., Collins, S. M., Philipsen, P. A., Murphy, G. M., & Wulf, H. C. (2005). Ultraviolet exposure patterns of Irish and Danish gardeners during work and leisure. British Journal of Dermatology, 153(4), 795-801. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06797.xGlanz, K., Buller, D. B., & Saraiya, M. (2007). Reducing ultraviolet radiation exposure among outdoor workers: State of the evidence and recommendations. Environmental Health, 6(1). doi:10.1186/1476-069x-6-22Milon, A., Sottas, P.-E., Bulliard, J.-L., & Vernez, D. (2006). Effective exposure to solar UV in building workers: influence of local and individual factors. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 17(1), 58-68. doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500521Siani, A. M., Casale, G. R., Diémoz, H., Agnesod, G., Kimlin, M. G., Lang, C. A., & Colosimo, A. (2008). Personal UV exposure in high albedo alpine sites. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8(14), 3749-3760. doi:10.5194/acp-8-3749-2008Gies, P., Watzl, R., Javorniczky, J., Roy, C., Henderson, S., Ayton, J., & Kingston, M. (2009). Measurement of the UVR Exposures of Expeditioners on Antarctic Resupply Voyages. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 85(6), 1485-1490. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00602.xHammond, V., Reeder, A. I., & Gray, A. (2009). Patterns of real-time occupational ultraviolet radiation exposure among a sample of outdoor workers in New Zealand. Public Health, 123(2), 182-187. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2008.12.007Serrano, M. A., Cañada, J., & Moreno, J. C. (2009). Erythemal Ultraviolet Exposure in Two Groups of Outdoor Workers in Valencia, Spain. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 85(6), 1468-1473. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00609.xSchmalwieser, A. W., Cabaj, A., Schauberger, G., Rohn, H., Maier, B., & Maier, H. (2010). 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Outdoor work and skin cancer incidence: a registry-based study in Bavaria. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 82(3), 357-363. doi:10.1007/s00420-008-0342-0Kenborg, L., Jørgensen, A. D., Budtz-Jørgensen, E., Knudsen, L. E., & Hansen, J. (2010). Occupational exposure to the sun and risk of skin and lip cancer among male wage earners in Denmark: a population-based case–control study. Cancer Causes & Control, 21(8), 1347-1355. doi:10.1007/s10552-010-9562-1Lichte, V., Dennenmoser, B., Dietz, K., Häfner, H.-M., Schlagenhauff, B., Garbe, C., … Moehrle, M. (2009). Professional risk for skin cancer development in male mountain guides - a cross-sectional study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 24(7), 797-804. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03528.xDiepgen, T. L., Fartasch, M., Drexler, H., & Schmitt, J. (2012). Occupational skin cancer induced by ultraviolet radiation and its prevention. 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Ocular lighting effects on human physiology and behaviour

The nonvisual biological and behavioural effects of light in animals and humans are mediated by specific neuroanatomical pathways. Controlled empirical studies have shown that light can be used to treat some clinical disorders and may have broader, nonclinical applications for problems of shift work and jet lag. Studies are testing how lighting may be incorporated into architectural designs that are optimal for vision as well as physiological and behavioural stimulation.Les effets, non visuels, biologiques et comportementaux de la lumi\ue8re chez les animaux et les humains sont achemin\ue9s par des voies neuro-anatomiques sp\ue9cifiques. Des \ue9tudes empiriques, contr\uf4l\ue9es, ont montr\ue9 que la lumi\ue8re peut \ueatre utilis\ue9e pour traiter des pathologies et peut avoir de plus larges applications, non m\ue9dicales, pour les probl\ue8mes pos\ue9s par le d\ue9calage horaire et les travaux d\ue9cal\ue9s dans le temps. Les \ue9tudes \ue9valuent comment l'\ue9clairage peut \ueatre introduit dans les r\ue9alisations architecturales, optimis\ue9es pour la vision comme pour les stimulations comportementale et physiologique.Veitch, J.A., van den Beld, G., Brainard, G., Roberts, J.E., committee membersPeer reviewed: NoNRC publication: Ye