The Role of Probiotics in Acne and Rosacea

Through basic science as well as animal and human clinical trials, the evidence is growing for the use of probiotics in the treatment of acne. Acne formation is dependent upon several processes, including follicular hyperkeratinization, excess sebum production, Propionibacterium acnes colonization and an inflammatory cascade. The antimicrobial properties of probiotics as well as the modification of the skin microbiome may decrease levels of P. acnes on the skin. Additionally, successful acne outcomes are influenced by compliance with topical regimens, which can commonly cause skin barrier disruption, leading to dryness and irritation. Consequently, calming inflammation as well as maintaining skin hydration and barrier repair is of primary importance when treating acne. In this chapter, we discuss how probiotics affect several factors in the pathophysiology of acne development and can improve the treatment outcomes

The Direct and Moderating Role of Humour Styles at Work: Organizational Citizenship Behaviours, Counterproductive Workplace Behaviours, Anxiety and Depression as Organizational Outcomes

Past research suggests that a sense of humour plays a role in the workplace. The present study builds upon this work by exploring how individual differences in various positive and negative humour styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, self-defeating, aggressive humour) related to organizational citizenship behaviours, counterproductive workplace behaviours, and workplace anxiety and depression. Survey results from 190 employed undergraduate participants indicated that affiliative humour use is associated with reduced anxiety, depression and counterproductive workplace behaviours, and with increased engagement in organizational citizenship behaviours. In addition, self-enhancing humour moderated the relationship of organizational stressors with OCBs, anxiety and depression. In order to assess the interpersonal aspects of humour, convergence between self- and observer reported humour styles was examined. The relatively low correlation indicates we may need to move beyond the traditional measurement of self- and observer agreement to capture the unique variance of each perspective. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed

A multilevel perspective on the role of job demands, job resources, and need satisfaction for employees' outcomes

International audienceThis study investigates the mediator role of psychological need satisfaction for the effects of job demands and resources on turnover intentions, psychological distress, and work-to-family conflict, simultaneously at the employee and work unit levels. In doing so, we consider how need satisfaction, when considered at the work unit level, creates a context likely to play an additional role in the prediction of these outcomes. These questions were investigated using a combination of doubly latent multilevel confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models applied to responses provided by a large sample (N = 5,716 employees nested within 50 work units) of Canadian Armed Forces/Department of National Defence personnel. The results supported the idea that work environment effects on the outcomes considered in this study were mediated by psychological need satisfaction at the individual and work unit levels and demonstrated that these associations were driven by global work environment perceptions and global need satisfaction. Furthermore, need satisfaction was found to create a context, at the work unit level, leading employees working in units including more highly satisfied co-workers to present higher levels of turnover intentions but lower levels of work-to-family conflict than would be expected based on their individual levels of need satisfaction

Work Fatigue Profiles: Nature, Implications, and Associations With Psychological Empowerment

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