Conservation of preparatory neural events in monkey motor cortex regardless of how movement is initiated

A time-consuming preparatory stage is hypothesized to precede voluntary movement. A putative neural substrate of motor preparation occurs when a delay separates instruction and execution cues. When readiness is sustained during the delay, sustained neural activity is observed in motor and premotor areas. Yet whether delay-period activity reflects an essential preparatory stage is controversial. In particular, it has remained ambiguous whether delay-period-like activity appears before non-delayed movements. To overcome that ambiguity, we leveraged a recently developed analysis method that parses population responses into putatively preparatory and movement-related components. We examined cortical responses when reaches were initiated after an imposed delay, at a self-chosen time, or reactively with low latency and no delay. Putatively preparatory events were conserved across all contexts. Our findings support the hypothesis that an appropriate preparatory state is consistently achieved before movement onset. However, our results reveal that this process can consume surprisingly little time

Mutations in protein N-arginine methyltransferases are not the cause of FTLD-FUS

Abstract. The nuclear protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) is found in cytoplasmic inclusions in a subset of patients with the neurodegenerative disorder frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-FUS). FUS contains a methylated arginine-glycine-glycine domain which is required for transport into the nucleus. Recent findings have shown that this domain is hypomethylated in patients with FTLD-FUS. To determine if the cause of hypomethylation is the result of mutations in protein N-arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), we selected 3 candidate genes (PRMT1, PRMT3 and PRMT8) and performed complete sequencing analysis and real-time PCR mRNA expression analysis in 20 FTLD-FUS cases. No mutations or statistically significant changes in expression were observed in our patient samples, suggesting that defects in PRMTs are not the cause of FTLD-FUS

Mechanisms of disease in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: gain of function versus loss of function effects

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous. The prototypical clinical syndromes are behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), a disorder of behaviour and executive impairments, progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA), a disorder of expressive language, and semantic dementia (SD), a disorder of conceptual knowledge [Neary et al 1998]. A proportion of patients with any of these syndromes of FTLD can develop the amyotrophic form of motor neurone disease (MND) [Neary et al 1990, Strong et al], further emphasising clinical heterogeneity within FTLD, and highlighting the long known association with, and suspected pathogenetic links between, FTLD and MND

Additional file 4 of Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

Additional file 4: Supplemental results.1. README. 2. Prevalence range across districts. 3. Prevalence range between sexes. 4. Prevalence range between ages. 5. Age-specific district ranges

Additional file 21 of Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Additional file 21: Table S13. Characteristics of replication cohorts (as provided by each participating cohort)

Additional file 17 of Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Additional file 17: Table S9. PheWAS UKB-MVP meta-analysis results for each index lipid variant at Bonferroni threshold for multiple testing

Additional file 2 of Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Additional file 2: Table S2. Association results for the multi-ancestry index SNPs with the gene prioritization