Faire remonter le sous-sol pour la transition énergétique

International audienc

Faire remonter le sous-sol pour la transition énergétique

International audienc

PUBLIC ACTION INSTRUMENTS - AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL POLICY ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CLIMATE FUND

A dissertação trata da Política Nacional sobre Mudanças Climáticas (PNMC) e o Fundo Clima, analisados como instrumentos da ação pública e ambos instituídos como leis federais. Foram objetivos desta pesquisa: compreender as razões que levaram à formulação e implementação destes dois instrumentos e compreender seus impactos na política climática brasileira. A metodologia para atingir esse objetivo consistiu na reconstrução parcial do histórico nacional e internacional que culminou com a criação da PNMC e do Fundo a partir dos elementos do pentágono da ação pública. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram realizados: revisão da literatura sobre instrumentos e mais profundamente sobre os instrumentos de ação pública, bem sobre a obra de Foucault, no que tange principalmente ao conceito de governamentalidade; consulta de documentos oficiais sobre os instrumentos estudados, tais como relatórios gerenciais e avaliações técnicas; análise da evolução orçamentária do Fundo entre 2011 e 2018 por meio de dados do Senado Federal; bem como a realização de entrevistas com atores chave mapeados por meio da técnica bola de neve. Os resultados mostram que as razões que levaram à implementação PNMC e o Fundo Clima estão ligados a uma estratégia da política externa do governo brasileiro em obter certo prestígio pelo protagonismo da questão mesmo sendo um país em desenvolvimento - o que por sua vez só é possível graças ao sucesso no controle do desmatamento ilegal da Amazônia. O principal impacto desses instrumentos é a institucionalização da ausência de coordenação efetiva e transversal da pauta climática no governo brasileiro, evidenciando a baixa importância da temática na agenda política do país.The dissertation deals with the National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC, in Portuguese acronym) and the Climate Fund, analyzed as instruments of public action and both instituted as federal laws. The objectives of the research were: understand the reasons that led to the formulation and implementation of these two instruments and understand their impacts on Brazilian climate policy. The methodology to achieve this objective consisted in a partial reconstruction of the national and international historic that culminated in the creation of the PNMC and the Fund with the support of the elements of the public action pentagon. For the research development were carried out: a review of the literature on instruments and more deeply on the instruments of public action, as well as on the work of Foucault, regarding mainly the concept of governmentality; consultation of official documents on the instruments studied, such as management reports and technical assessments; analysis of the Fund\'s budgetary evolution between 2011 and 2018 through Federal Senate data; as well as interviews with key actors mapped using the snowball technique. The results show that the reasons that lead to the implementation of the PNMC and the Climate Fund are linked to a foreign policy strategy of the Brazilian governments to obtain a certain prestige due to the protagonisme of the issue - even though it is a developing country - which in turn is only possible thanks to the success in controlling illegal deforestation in the Amazon. The main impact of these instruments is the institutionalization of the lack of effective and transversal coordination of the climate agenda in the Brazilian government, highlighting the low importance of the topic on the country\'s political agenda

ANÁLISE DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA PNRS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM (PA):: Uma abordagem da análise de lacunas

International audienceThe National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) is the main reference for solid waste management in the country. Approved and regulated in 2010, this law completes this year eight years of implementation. In order to identify the level of implementation of this policy in the Belém’s metropolitan region (BMR), the present study applied the gap analysis based on data from the National Sanitation Information System (NSIS) to diagnose the solid waste state at this region. The reuse and recycling, integration of recyclers and integrated management and sustainability macro indicators presented negligible rates of attendance to the objective. In turn, waste collection services were close to the universalization, within the BMR. However, practically all solid waste collected is destined for dumps, which can generate great environmental and human health impact. In 2016, there was a reduction in the total amount of solid waste generated, even below the expected trend. The fact that only four municipalities of the BMR filled in the data in NSIS indicates the difficulty of these in tracking their results against NSWP and using this information. This study was fundamental to increase the knowledge of the situation of the implementation of NSWP, especially in the northern region of the country

Fundo Clima: construção e declínio?

International audienceThis article presents the budget evolution and the trajectory of the Climate Fund as an instrument of public action between 2009 and 2018. Created by Law nº 12.114 of 2009, it is defined as an economic instrument of the National Policy on Climate Change (Law n° 12.182/2009). The Ministry of the Environment is responsible for its management and operation of one of the two financing modalities. The second is operated by BNDES. The analyzes carried out in this article are based on budget data obtained through the federal government's SIGA Portal, on document analysis and on semi-structured interviews carried out between 2019 and 2020. Four main points are analyzed: budgetary evolution; the territorial distribution of resources; use of indicators for monitoring and evaluating projects; and finally, the comparability between the official data provided at different times by the different agencies involved. The main results show: i) the territorial concentration of resources operated by BNDES in the Southeast region and of resources operated by MMA in the Northeast region; ii) the decrease in the budget allocated to non-reimbursable projects, especially since 2013. The explanation for this decline lies in an insignificant government strategy setting GHG reduction targets requiring nothing more than control of illegal deforestation of the Amazon, which has weakened this instrument and the policy as a whole. The present study shows how the analysis of an instrument allows to highlight the creation of a half-measure that reinforces the schizophrenia of Brazilian environmental policy.Cet article présente l'évolution budgétaire et la trajectoire du Fonds Climat en tant qu'instrument d'action publique entre 2009 et 2018. Créé par la loi nº 12.114 de 2009, il est défini comme un instrument économique de la Politique Nationale sur le Changement Climatique (Loi n° 12.182/2009). Le ministère de l’Environnement est responsable de sa gestion et de l’exploitation d’une des deux modalités de financement. La seconde modalité est exploitée par la BNDES. Les analyses effectuées dans cet article s'appuient sur des données budgétaires obtenues via le Portail SIGA du gouvernement fédéral, sur l'analyse de documents et sur des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés entre 2019 et 2020. Quatre points principaux sont analysés : l'évolution budgétaire ; la répartition territoriale du budget ; l’utilisation d'indicateurs pour le suivi et l'évaluation des projets ; et enfin la comparabilité entre les données officielles fournies à des moments différents par les différentes agences impliquées. Les principaux résultats montrent : i) la concentration territoriale des ressources exploitées par la BNDES dans la région du Sud-Est et des ressources exploitées par le MMA dans la région du Nord-Est ; ii) la baisse du budget attribué à des projets non remboursables, surtout depuis 2013. L'explication de cette baisse réside dans une stratégie gouvernementale insignifiante fixant des objectifs de réduction des GES n’exigeant rien d'autre que le contrôle de la déforestation illégale de l'Amazonie, ce qui a affaibli cet instrument et la politique dans son ensemble. La présente étude montre comment l'étude d'un instrument permet de mettre en évidence la création d'une demi-mesure qui renforce la schizophrénie de la politique environnementale brésilienne.Este artigo apresenta a evolução orçamentária e a trajetória de do Fundo Clima enquanto instrumento de ação pública durante os anos de 2009 e 2018. Criado pela Lei nº 12.114 de 2009, ele é definido como instrumento econômico da Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima (Lei n° 12.182/2009). O Ministério do Meio Ambiente é responsável pela sua gestão e operação de uma das duas modalidades de financiamento. A segunda é operada pelo BNDES. As análises realizadas neste artigo se baseiam nos dados orçamentários obtidos por meio do Portal SIGA do governo federal, na análise documental e em entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas entre 2019 e 2020. São analisados quatro pontos principais: evolução orçamentária; a distribuição territorial dos recursos; utilização de indicadores para monitoramento e avaliação dos projetos; e finalmente a comparabilidade entre os dados oficiais fornecidos em diferentes épocas pelos diferentes órgãos envolvidos. Os principais resultados evidenciam: i) a concentração territorial dos recursos operados pelo BNDES na região sudeste e dos recursos operados pelo MMA na região nordeste; ii) o declínio do orçamento do Fundo Clima operado pelo MMA, sobretudo a partir de 2013. A explicação desse declínio reside na estratégia do governo brasileiro de estabelecer metas de redução dos GEE timidas o suficiente para não demandar mudanças outras que o controle do desmatamento ilegal da Amazônia, enfraquecendo a potencialidade do instrumento e a política como um todo, adicionada à disputa dos recursos provenientes da compensação da cadeia produtiva do petróleo, a qual consiste em sua principal fonte. Por fim, o presente estudo evidencia como o estudo de um instrumento permite observar a criação de uma semi-medida que reforça o caráter disruptivo e controverso da política ambiental brasileira

Fundo Clima: construção e declínio?

This article presents the budget evolution and the trajectory of the Climate Fund as an instrument of public action between 2009 and 2018. Created by Law nº 12.114 of 2009, it is defined as an economic instrument of the National Policy on Climate Change (Law n° 12.182/2009). The Ministry of the Environment is responsible for its management and operation of one of the two financing modalities. The second is operated by BNDES. The analyzes carried out in this article are based on budget data obtained through the federal government's SIGA Portal, on document analysis and on semi-structured interviews carried out between 2019 and 2020. Four main points are analyzed: budgetary evolution; the territorial distribution of resources; use of indicators for monitoring and evaluating projects; and finally, the comparability between the official data provided at different times by the different agencies involved. The main results show: i) the territorial concentration of resources operated by BNDES in the Southeast region and of resources operated by MMA in the Northeast region; ii) the decrease in the budget allocated to non-reimbursable projects, especially since 2013. The explanation for this decline lies in an insignificant government strategy setting GHG reduction targets requiring nothing more than control of illegal deforestation of the Amazon, which has weakened this instrument and the policy as a whole. The present study shows how the analysis of an instrument allows to highlight the creation of a half-measure that reinforces the schizophrenia of Brazilian environmental policy