New methodology updating theoretical and practical

Aviation safety statistics have shown the concerning contribution of the general aviation segment, especially of the commercial licensed pilots in accidents and incidents in general. Likewise, air operators have shown attention to the commercial pilot´s issue due to their operational and safety demands. Based on a methodology for the development of specific instructional materials and a modern and efficient methodology for the development of competency-based activities, the study develops several steps, ranging from the definition of a specific performance problem, work and population analysis, the proposition of curricular and instructional elements to the evaluation aspects, to the achievement of its objectives. Finally, the study enables the creation of a proposal of supplementary instructions associated with technical requirements of aviation schools’ activities, aimed to support the development of their materials and practices for their training courses, based on the competency-based training and assessment methodology – CBTA

Aplicação do modelo SCBR no gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas: estudo de caso : Terminal de Petróleo de São Sebastião

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2010A importância das águas subterrâneas como uma das principais fontes de suprimento de água potável justifica a preocupação com a preservação dos aquíferos e a busca de alternativas para minimização de impactos causados por empreendimentos potencialmente poluidores. O gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas é composto por uma sequência lógica de procedimentos e decisões a serem tomadas, desde a suspeita da contaminação até a definição de estratégias de gerenciamento do risco causado à saúde humana. Uma avaliação correta deste risco permite definir o projeto de remediação adequado em função de níveis aceitáveis de risco para a área de estudo. A customização de um modelo computacional de transporte e transformação de contaminantes na água subterrânea para uma área potencialmente contaminada, antes do evento de contaminação, pode ter grande contribuição para acelerar o processo decisório e mitigatório, no caso de ocorrência do impacto ambiental. O SCBR (Solução Corretiva Baseada no Risco) é um modelo computacional bidimensional para simulação do transporte e transformação de poluentes; avaliação de risco para rotas de exposição no solo, água e ar; e simulação de tecnologias de remediação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar o modelo SCBR a uma área potencialmente contaminada, executando as fases de customização do modelo, elaboração de possíveis cenários de contaminação, avaliação do risco à saúde humana e correspondentes medidas emergenciais. O estudo de caso foi realizado no Terminal de Petróleo de São Sebastião e a metodologia foi baseada no Manual de Gerenciamento de Áreas Contaminadas da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: a customização do SCBR à área; a calibração dos parâmetros de fluxo subterrâneo pelo ajuste da condutividade hidráulica de cada poço de monitoramento; o modelo de fluxo subterrâneo da área com o campo de velocidades e direção; a identificação de um local de perigo para um possível cenário de contaminação, pois o local está a, aproximadamente, 170m da área residencial e tem velocidades de, aproximadamente, 21m/ano; o conhecimento do comportamento do contaminante para este cenário de contaminação; o mapeamento da área de risco para este cenário; verificação de risco não aceitável, tanto na área industrial quanto na área residencial; redução do risco a níveis aceitáveis pela medidaemergencial proposta. Seguir as fases de gerenciamento significa ter que cumprir tarefas que a customização adiantaria, de maneira preventiva, antes de uma contaminação.Diante disto, as seguintes vantagens foram observadas na conclusão deste estudo: possibilidade de ganho de tempo e eficiência na minimização de impactos, facilitando o diálogo com o órgão ambiental.The importance of the groundwater as one of the main sources of drinking water supply justifies the concern about the preservation of the aquifers and the search of alternatives for minimization of impacts caused by enterprises potentially pollutant. The contaminated areas management is compound by a logical sequence of procedures and decisions to be made, from the suspicion of the contamination to the definition of human health risk management strategies. A correct assessment of this risk permits to define the adequate remediation project in function of risk acceptable levels in the study area. The customization of a contaminant transport and fate computational model in the groundwater to an area potentially contaminated, before the contamination event, can have great contribution to accelerate the decisory and mitigatory process, if the environmental impact happens. SCBR ("Solução CorretivaBaseada no Risco") is a two-dimensional computational model to simulate transport and fate of contaminants; do risk assessment for the exposure pathways in soil, water and air; and simulate remediation technologies. The objective of this work was to apply SCBR model to an area potentially contaminated, executing the phases of model customization, elaboration of possible risk sceneries, human health risk assessment and emergency strategies.The case study was realized on the Petroleum Terminal of São Sebastião and the methodology was based on the Contaminated Areas Management Manual of State Environmental Company of São Paulo. The main results obtained were: the customization of SCBR to the area;the calibration of the groundwater flow parameters by the fit of the hydraulic conductivity of each monitoring well; the groundwater flow model of the area with the velocity and direction field; the identification of a dangerous site in a possiblecontamination scenery, because the site is approximately 170m away from the residential area and its velocities are approximately 21m/year; the knowledge of the contaminant behavior for this contamination scenery; the risk area mapping for this scenery; verification of unacceptable risk both in industrial and residential areas;risk reduction to acceptable levels by the proposed emergency intervention.To do thesteps of managementmeans to have toaccomplish tasks that the customization would advance preventively before a contamination.Therefore, the following advantages were observed on the conclusion of this study: possibility of gain of time and efficiency in the minimization of impacts, facilitating the discussion with the environmental regulatory agency

The nurse and health education, providing care to patients with tuberculosis (TB) in a basic health unit

Objective: To reflect on the importance of the role of a nurse educator in tuberculosis control in primary care unit. Method: The study was a descriptive and exploratory, held in databases: LILACS, and SCIELO BDENF from 2000 to 2010, where we selected 09 potential bibliographies. Results: The categories were "DOTS as a factor facilitating adherence to treatment", "the importance of the bond for the performance of the nurse educator" and "Factors that undermine the achievement of therapeutic success". Conclusions: The nurse is in a position to provides health education, promoting prevention, and teaching self-care, and developing programs involving society

Rol de nematodos en la evaluación de la calidad del suelo de lomadas arenosas del sector tabacalero (Goya, Corrientes)

Tesis para obtener el grado de Magister en Gestión Ambiental, de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones, en marzo de 2017El suelo, la capa más superficial de la corteza terrestre, constituye uno de los recursos naturales más importantes. Una de las definiciones más aceptada de calidad de suelo es: “capacidad de un suelo para funcionar”. Las prácticas agrícolas modernas caracterizadas por la adición de elevados niveles de fertilizantes inorgánicos, el uso de pesticida y la práctica de laboreo, afectan fuertemente la diversidad y densidad de la fauna edáfica. Inicialmente, en la década de 1970, se utilizaron los nematodos para evaluar la calidad del agua. Los nematodos son los metazoos más abundantes del planeta. Durante la década de 1980 las preocupaciones sobre la vulnerabilidad del suelo aumentó, con ella, la nematofauna llegó a ser estudiada para la evaluación de los ecosistemas. Éste estudio se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad de suelo en la comunidad rural del paraje Ifrán, en un sector tabacalero del departamento Goya-Corrientes, mediante el uso de indicadores ecológicos. Los suelos del área de producción de tabaco son en un 70% arenosos. Esta herramienta de diagnóstico con análisis nematológico es utilizada en la estación experimental de INTA Bella Vista. Existe escasa información sobre estudios en la zona relacionados con nematodos de vida libre como indicadores del estado de sanidad del suelo. Se seleccionaron tres diferentes intensidades de uso de suelo: suelo sin efecto antrópico, suelo con bajo impacto antrópico y suelo con alto impacto antrópico en dos sitios diferentes. El muestreo se realizó en zig-zag, en cada una de las situaciones, con una pala a una profundidad de 20 cm, en tres momentos: primavera 2014, verano 2015 y otoño 2015. Se registraron las precipitaciones desde el mes de julio 2014 hasta el mes de junio 2015 y se comparó con el promedio histórico. Se hicieron análisis de fertilidad de suelo para conocer el estado del mismo. Se realizó un análisis de varianza con el conjunto de datos que se obtuvieron de las mediciones de ambos sitios de muestreo. Las variables analizadas fueron: Total de Nematodos Parasito de Plantas, de Vida Libre y Total Nematodos; Índices de Madurez de Nematodos de Vida Libre, de Nematodos Parásito de Plantas y la relación entre estos. En el caso de los índices de: Diversidad Trófica, Shannon-Wiener y Dominancia de Simpson, no se vieron diferencias significativas, esto podría interpretarse como la falta de diversidad en los suelos analizados. La población de nematodos estuvo representada por cuatro grupos tróficos; fitófagos, bacteriófagos, omnívoros y predadores. Se evidenció la ausencia del grupo trófico fungívoros. En los suelos sin efecto antrópico se destaca la presencia del género Helicotylenchus. El índice de madurez mostró diferencias, donde el mayor valor le correspondió al suelo con alto impacto antrópico. En verano, el suelo con alto impacto antrópico mostró baja relación entre el índice de madurez de parásito de plantas y el índice de madurez de nematodos de vida libre, lo que indica que el suelo posee disturbios leves, indicando que las prácticas agrícolas son las adecuadas, y no dañan al mismo. En el suelo sin efecto antrópico y con bajo impacto antrópico esta relación es alta lo que muestra que, el suelo posee disturbios mayores posiblemente causados por exceso de nutrientes.EEA Bella Vista, AER GoyaFil: Colonese, Maria Del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología de Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista. Agencia de Extensión Rural Goya; Argentin

The mesolithic occupation at Isolidda (San Vito Lo Capo), Sicily

‘Gruppo dell’Isolidda’ is a complex of five caves along a rocky cliff on the eastern side of the promontory of San Vito Lo Capo (Trapani) in NW Sicily. In 2004 archaeological excavations in the slope below the caves revealed a stratified deposit, partially in secondary position, containing levels with Late Epigravettian and Mesolithic stone tool assemblages. Early Mesolithic stone tool industries, characterized by backed microlithic tools, were distributed in two contiguous layers (SU 21 and SU 25), the lowest of which (SU 21) also contained Epigravettian tools, probably due to sediment reworking. Three AMS dates on Phorcus turbinatus shells (~9520-8990 cal. BP) are chronologically compatible with the Early Mesolithic materials and suggest that the bulk of the deposit accumulated then. A third level, lying above the previous ones, contained material culture associated to the Late Mesolithic or Early Neolithic. Faunal remains from the site represent mainly food refuse and included abundant shells of intertidal molluscs (e.g. Phorcus turbinatus and Patella sp.), along with few fragmented bones of terrestrial herbivores (e.g. Cervus elaphus and Sus scrofa). Oxygen isotope analyses on shell carbonates of Phorcus turbinatus show that, around 9520-9000 cal. BP, marine molluscs were exploited year-round, albeit more often in autumn and winter

180 years of marine animal diversity as perceived by public media in southern Brazil

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MCommoditization of marine resources has dramatically increased anthropogenic footprints on coastal and ocean systems, but the scale of these impacts remain unclear due to a pervasive lack of historical baselines. Through the analysis of historical newspapers, this paper explores changes in marine animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) targeted by historical fisheries in southern Brazil since the late 19th century. The investigation of historical newspaper archives revealed unprecedented information on catch composition, and perceived social and economic importance of key species over decades, predating official national-level landing records. We show that several economically and culturally important species have been under persistent fishing pressure at least since the first national-scale subsidies were introduced for commercial fisheries in Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Our work expands the current knowledge on historical fish catch compositions in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, while advocating for the integration of historical data in ocean sustainability initiatives

Metodología de excavación y análisis de concheros : experiencias acumuladas después de 20 años de estudios etnoarqueológicos en la Costa Norte del Canal Beagle (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)

Los estudios etnoarqueológicos llevados a cabo en yacimientos Yámana de la costa norte del Canal Beagle (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), han permitido desarrollar una metodología de excavación y análisis de concheros potencialmente aplicable en yacimientos similares de la Península Ibérica. El estudio de los restos malacológicos integrando diferentes técnicas de análisis, permite obtener un reflejo detallado sobre las dinámicas de formación de estos yacimientos y las estrategias organizativas de los grupos de cazadores recolectores pescadores que los generaron.The ethonoarchaeological studies of the Yamana sites from the north coast of the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), has allowed us to develop a particular excavation methodology and a shellmidden analysis method potentially applicable to similar sites from the Iberian Peninsula. The study of mollusc remains, integrating different analytic techniques, permits us to obtain detailed information about the site formation and the organization strategies of the hunter-gatherers-fishers that generated shellmiddens in the area

Co-constructing knowledge with the International Panel for Ocean Sustainability

UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020The efficacy of global environmental assessments in informing and shaping ocean and coastal management is hampered by recognized gaps in global science endeavours. In order to bridge these gaps, and secure inclusive and equitable knowledge co-construction by ocean stakeholders, the International Panel for Ocean Sustainability (IPOS) is emerging. Here we present the outcomes of the “Bridging Shades of Blue Workshop” held in Spain 2023. A diverse group of Ocean knowledge holders, including policymakers, small-scale fishers, marine social scientists and ocean lawyers gathered to reflect on the key features, challenges, strategies, actors to be involved, as well as pathways to balance power for advancing an inclusive and equitable IPOS. As a result, six foundational dimensions of IPOS’s institutional identity were proposed as IPOS ID cards: 1) Diversifying Ocean Knowledge Systems, 2) Widening the Range of Methods for Ocean Knowledge Production, 3) Informing Decision-making, 4) Engaging at the Interfaces of Knowledge with Decision-making, 5) Communicating, Learning, and Sharing Knowledge, 6) Measuring Progress and Evaluating Success. We conclude by emphasizing IPOS’s potential role as a beacon for inclusive, equitable, and sustainable ocean governance.publishersversionpublishe

Los agroquímicos no son remedios, son venenos

El presente trabajo relata la experiencia desarrollada por un grupo multidisciplinario, integrado por docentes, agentes sanitarios y técnicos del INTA. Este grupo, llamado Educación Popular, trabajó en este caso con los alumnos, sus familias y los docentes de la Escuela N° 426 “Francisco Sudría”, de Puerto Viejo, Lavalle, y aplicando métodos ligados a la investigación acción participativa se abordó el problema del uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos en las tomateras cercanas a la escuela. Los casos de contaminación ambiental y de intoxicación de trabajadores y vecinos se convirtieron en un problema recurrente que amenaza seriamente a los pobladores. Este fue el motivo por el cual el equipo docente de la Escuela, el grupo de Educación Popular y la agencia de INTA de Goya acordaron trabajar juntos, trabajo en el que los alumnos tuvieron el protagonismo en la investigación, que incluyó una revisión sobre las características generales de la producción hortícola, los invernáculos, el cultivo de tomate y los cuidados que se brindan al mismo. Se puso especial atención a las actividades que realiza la gente que trabaja en las tomateras, y las relaciones que se establecen entre los distintos actores. Esto se hizo por medio de entrevistas, visitas a tomateras, consultas a especialistas y búsqueda bibliográfica. Fue muy importante la experiencia de los mismos alumnos, muchos de los cuales trabajan en la actividad. Este relato describe el trabajo realizado, destaca sus productos y el impacto alcanzado, y finalmente analiza la relación entre la metodología aplicada, el proceso y los resultados logrados.Eje: B4 Ambiente, naturaleza y agroecología (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Stable isotope evidence for dietary diversification in the pre-Columbian Amazon

Archaeological research is radically transforming the view that the Amazon basin and surrounding areas witnessed limited societal development before European contact. Nevertheless, uncertainty remains on the nature of the subsistence systems and the role that aquatic resources, terrestrial mammalian game, and plants had in supporting population growth, geographic dispersal, cultural adaptations and political complexity during the later stages of the pre-Columbian era. This is exacerbated by the general paucity of archaeological human remains enabling individual dietary reconstructions. Here we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen to reconstruct the diets of human individuals from São Luís Island (Brazilian Amazon coast) dated between ca. 1800 and 1000 cal BP and associated with distinct ceramic traditions. We expanded our analysis to include previously published data from Maracá and Marajó Island, in the eastern Amazon. Quantitative estimates of the caloric contributions from food groups and their relative nutrients using a Bayesian Mixing Model revealed distinct subsistence strategies, consisting predominantly of plants and terrestrial mammals and variably complemented with aquatic resources. This study offers novel quantitative information on the extent distinct food categories of polyculture agroforestry systems fulfilled the caloric and protein requirements of Late Holocene pre-Columbian populations in the Amazon basin.Introduction Results - Stable isotope analysis and Bayesian dietary reconstruction Discussion Methods - Geographic and archaeological contexts - Sample preparation for stable isotopic analysis - Statistical analysis and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model