Taurocholate transport by brush border membrane vesicles from different regions of chicken intestine

Taurocholate transport was studied in brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from chicken small (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large (proximal cecum and rectum) intestines, using a rapid filtration technique. The purity of the BBMV was verified by the finding that the specific activity of sucrase (a brush border membrane enzyme marker) was severalfold greater in vesicles than corresponding values in mucosal homogenate. The functional integrity of isolated BBMV was evaluated by the uptake of D-glucose, which showed a transient increase in the presence of Na+. A Na+-dependence of taurocholate uptake was shown in BBMV prepared from ileum, cecum, and rectum, as taurocholate transport was transiently increased (accumulation) in the presence of a Na+ gradient between the external medium and intravesicular medium. The magnitude of the accumulation was similar among ileum, cecum, and rectum. In contrast, BBMV prepared from duodenum and jejunum did not show any Na+-dependent taurocholate transport, as the taurocholate uptake was not affected when a Na+ gradient was replaced by a K+ gradient. The use of taurochenodeoxycholate in the incubation medium inhibited Na+-dependent taurocholate transport in the ileum, cecum, and rectum. This study is the first to show the presence of a Na+-dependent bile salt transport in BBMV obtained from chicken ileum, proximal cecum, and rectum

El sector de frutos secos (III): análisis comercial del almendro

Este capítulo se dedica al sector de los frutos secos y en concreto al almendro, una de las especies que, dentro de este grupo de frutales, ha tenido un mayor desarrollo en los últimos años, debido al importante incremento de su consumo, como consecuencia de sus conocidas propiedades beneficiosas para la salud, además de su utilización en otros sectores como la repostería, cosmética, bebidas y turrones. Esta expansión ha motivado también la mejora de las variedades y técnicas de producción, como es el desarrollo de las nuevas plantaciones de alta densidad.This chapter is dedicated to the nut sector and specifically to the almond tree, one of the species that, within this group of fruit trees, has had greater development in recent years, due to the significant increase in its consumption, as a consequence of its known beneficial properties for health, in addition to its use in other sectors such as baking, cosmetics, beverages and nougat. This expansion has also motivated the improvement of varieties and production techniques, such as the development of new high-density plantations