246 research outputs found
Runaway modes in model field theories
Within the framework of linear quantum field theories, a general study is presented of the existence and removal of runaway modes—solutions of the equations of motion which exhibit a real exponential time dependence. It is hoped that this work will yield insight into the corresponding problem in physically realistic theories. It is shown that runaway modes occur only when the Hamiltonian is not positive definite, and that they occur in linear quantum theories whenever they appear in the corresponding classical theories. Three methods are proposed for eliminating these unphysical modes One is the analog of the method used by Dirac in classical electron theory; the other two are believed to be new
Black Holes, Wormholes, and the Disappearance of Global Charge
One of the paradoxes associated with the theory of the formation and
subsequent Hawking evaporation of a black hole is the disappearance of
conserved global charges. It has long been known that metric fluctuations at
short distances (wormholes) violate global-charge conservation; if global
charges are apparently conserved at ordinary energies, it is only because
wormhole-induced global-charge-violating terms in the low-energy effective
Lagrangian are suppressed by large mass denominators. However, such suppressed
interactions can become important at the high energy densities inside a
collapsing star. We analyze this effect for a simple model of the black-hole
singularity. (Our analysis is totally independent of any detailed theory of
wormhole dynamics; in particular it does not depend on the wormhole theory of
the vanishing of the cosmological constant.) We find that in general all charge
is extinguished before the infalling matter crosses the singularity. No global
charge appears in the outgoing Hawking radiation because it has all gone down
the wormholes.Comment: 12 pages (1 figure available upon request); HUTP-93/A01
What Becomes of Global Color
The recent demise of certain global unbroken symmetry generators in the presence of a grand unified magnetic monopole leads us to consider more carefully the notion of charges associated with gauge symmetries. It turns out that global transformations associated with the generators of the gauge group, and their charges, make sense only for extended systems which are sufficiently localized. GUT monopoles fail this criterion. Detailed consideration of the monopole-antimonopole system helps remove apparent paradoxes related to the chromodyon excitations of a single monopole and agrees with the previous result that some, but not all, of the states naively expected do exist. The remaining states ns needed to fill out color multiplets are spread throughout space; they are recovered as long-lived excitations when an antimonopole is brought in from infinity
Globular Clusters and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Traditionally globular clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies have been
distinguished by using one or more of the following criteria: (1) mass, (2)
luminosity, (3) size, (4) mass-to-light ratio and (5) spread in metallicity.
However, a few recently discovered objects show some overlap between the
domains in parameter space that are occupied by galaxies and clusters. In the
present note it is shown that ellipticity can, in some cases, be used to help
distinguish between globular clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies.Comment: MNRAS (Letters), in pres
Possible alternative mechanism to SUSY: conservative extensions of the Poincar\'e group
A group theoretical mechanism is outlined, which can indecomposably extend
the Poincar\'e group by the compact internal (gauge) symmetries at the price of
allowing some nilpotent (or, more precisely: solvable) internal symmetries in
addition. Due to the presence of this nilpotent part, the prohibitive argument
of the well known Coleman-Mandula and McGlinn no-go theorems do not go through.
In contrast to SUSY or extended SUSY, in our construction the symmetries
extending the Poincar\'e group will be all internal, i.e. they do not act on
the spacetime, merely on some internal degrees of freedom -- hence the name:
conservative extensions of the Poincar\'e group. Using the Levi decomposition
and O'Raifeartaigh theorem, the general structure of all possible conservative
extensions of the Poincar\'e group is outlined, and a concrete example group is
presented with U(1) being the compact gauge group component. It is argued that
such nilpotent internal symmetries may be inapparent symmetries of some more
fundamental field variables, and therefore do not carry an ab initio
contradiction with the present experimental understanding in particle physics.
The construction is compared to (extended) SUSY, since SUSY is somewhat
analogous to the proposed mechanism. It is pointed out, however, that the
proposed mechanism is less irregular in comparison to SUSY, in certain aspects.
The only exoticity needed in comparison to a traditional gauge theory setting
is that the full group of internal symmetries is not purely compact, but is a
semi-direct product of a nilpotent and of a compact part.Comment: 10 pages, contribution to Proceedings of X. International Symposium
on Quantum Theory and Symmetries, Springer (2018
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