Political Asylum and the Refugee Hijacker: A Suggested Alternative

This Note will examine the circumstances under which a state may grant asylum to an individual who has committed an airline hijacking. It has been suggested that any airline hijacker who has committed a political offense and is exempt from extradition is thereby entitled to asylum. It is submitted that a more limited distinction be made. Only the individual who is truly seeking refuge from political persecution has a right to enjoy political asylum elsewhere. The terrorist or fugitive from justice, irrespective of his motives, has no right to asylum. He should, therefore, be extradited under all circumstances

Federal Leased Housing Assistance in Private Accommodations: Section 8

The public housing program, which does not involve private developers, was also criticized as wasteful, poorly conceived, and inequitable. Further, it appeared to some that the federal government was assuming the losses caused by the accelerating decline of large cities. As a result of various investigations and HUD audits, the FHA was in a state of chaos after recurring reorganizations. The administration\u27s suspension of housing subsidies on January 5, 1973 was an added impetus for the passage of a new act. The resulting legislation, the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974,20 is the federal government\u27s first significant set of housing programs since the 1968 Act. Although there are eight titles in the Act, this article will examine only one major provision: leased housing in private accommodations, better known as Section 8. This section is a revival, in modified form, of Section 23 leased housing. The creation of Section 8 will be briefly reviewed, followed by an examination of its mechanics. The advantages of leased housing over public housing will be assessed, and Section 8 will be compared with its predecessor, Section 23 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965. Finally, some possible weaknesses of Section 8 will be noted

The economic crisis and community development finance: an industry assessment

For thirty years, the community development finance industry—banks, credit unions, loan funds, community development corporations, venture funds, microfinance institutions—has quietly provided responsible, well-designed and well priced credit to lower-income people and communities. These entities have provided this credit with the support of the federal government, through the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, the Low Income Housing and New Markets Tax Credits, the Small Business Association, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and various housing and facilities development programs. The industry has also been supported in its efforts by mainstream institutions such as banks and insurance companies, most frequently motivated by the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) or by concern that CRA-like obligations would be imposed. Philanthropic foundations and supporters and state and local governments have also played their parts. The result: a community development finance industry that has survived and even prospered during recessions and political downdrafts. But the field, and the communities, businesses, and individuals it serves, are hurting now, and fearing bigger hurt. This paper examines this situation and focuses attention on what needs to be done.

Unmarried African American Fathers’ Involvement with Their Infants: The Role of Couple Relationships

Almost one-third of all children and 70% of African American children in the U.S. are born to parents who are not married. At the time of children’s births, almost all unmarried fathers have contact with their infants, but this connection drops over time. This study presents a study of 55 unmarried low-income African American couples in the early months after the birth of a child. The study considers the implications of the quality of parents’ couple relationship, as well as of parents’ demographics, personal resources, and family structure for understanding variation in fathers’ involvement with their infants. The present study is one of the first to collect in-depth observational and parent-reported data from both unmarried mothers and fathers about how their couple relationships are faring and about the fathers’ involvement with their infants. Neither mothers’ nor fathers’ age, education, or income were linked to father involvement. Fathers of sons and fathers of daughters had similar levels of involvement with their infants. And, although fathers who lived with their infants provided more financial support, they did not necessarily provide more hands-on care of their infants compared to fathers who lived separately. The quality of the parents’ relationship as a couple was linked to the father’s involvement. Fathers were more involved with their children when the parents had more supportive, satisfying, and less negative relationships, both according to parents’ own perceptions and as rated by independent observers who watched videotapes of the parents talking to each other. There was some indication that the link between better functioning couple relationships and greater father involvement may have held only for families with infant girls. The findings linking the quality of couple relationships and father involvement extend the well-documented conclusion from the research on married families that better functioning couple relationships are linked to greater father involvement. The findings also suggest that parents’ demographics, personal resources, and coresidence may not be as central to understanding unmarried fathers’ involvement with their infants as has been assumed.

What is the Bandwidth of Perceptual Experience?

Although our subjective impression is of a richly detailed visual world, numerous empirical results suggest that the amount of visual information observers can perceive and remember at any given moment is limited. How can our subjective impressions be reconciled with these objective observations? Here, we answer this question by arguing that, although we see more than the handful of objects, claimed by prominent models of visual attention and working memory, we still see far less than we think we do. Taken together, we argue that these considerations resolve the apparent conflict between our subjective impressions and empirical data on visual capacity, while also illuminating the nature of the representations underlying perceptual experience. Numerous empirical results highlight the limits of visual perception, attention, and working memory. However, it intuitively feels as though we have a rich perceptual experience, leading many to claim that conscious perception overflows these limited cognitive mechanisms.A relatively new field of study (visual ensembles and summary statistics) provides empirical support for the notion that perception is not limited and that observers have access to information across the entire visual world.Ensemble statistics, and scene processing in general, also appear to be supported by neural structures that are distinct from those supporting object perception. These distinct mechanisms can work partially in parallel, providing observers with a broad perceptual experience.Moreover, new demonstrations show that perception is not as rich as is intuitively believed. Thus, ensemble statistics appear to capture the entirety of perceptual experience.National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (F32EY024483)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant EY13455

THE EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE SYSTEM - FINDINGS FROM THE CLIENT SURVEY; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

During a typical month in 2001, food pantries served about 12.5 million people, and emergency kitchens served about 1.1 million people. Food pantries and emergency kitchens play an important role in feeding America's low-income and needy populations. These organizations are part of the Emergency Food Assistance System (EFAS), a network run largely by private organizations with some Federal support. This report presents findings from a national study of EFAS clients, which surveyed clients who received emergency food assistance from selected food pantries and emergency kitchens. The study finds that food pantries and emergency kitchens serve a diverse clientele, but that almost three-fourths of those served are food insecure. The majority of EFAS households receive Federal food assistance, including two-thirds of food pantry clients and 45 percent of emergency kitchen clients. However, a substantial number of EFAS households do not receive food stamps, though they appear to be eligible for them.Emergency food, food pantry, soup kitchen, community kitchen, emergency kitchen, food bank, emergency food organization, hunger, food insecurity, food security, food assistance, faith-based organization, Food Security and Poverty,

Baboon endogenous virus genome. I. Restriction enzyme map of the unintegrated DNA genome of a primate retrovirus

A detailed restriction map was deduced for the genome of an endogenous retrovirus of a higher primate, that of baboon. The cleavage sites for 12 restriction enzymes were mapped. The unintegrated linear viral DNA intermediate that is produced by infection of permissive cells with baboon endogenous virus was isolated. Hybridization with a strong-stop complementary DNA probe demonstrated presence of a terminal repetition in the linear viral DNA. The positions of restriction sites for two particular enzymes, SmaI and XhoI, near each end were consistent with this result and indicated that the length of the repetition is 0.55 +/- 0.01 kilobase. The linear viral DNA had a unique restriction map indicating that it is not a set of random circular permutations of the RNA genome. From hybridization with a 3'-specific probe, the DNA restriction map was aligned relative to the 5'-to-3' orientation of the viral RNA. We observed a minor heterogeneity in a BamHI recognition site 1.95 kilobases from the right end of the linear map