2,665 research outputs found
Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering under Spin-Isospin Reversal in Large-N_c QCD
The spin-flavor structure of certain nucleon-nucleon scattering observables
derived from the large N_c limit of QCD in the kinematical regime where
time-dependent mean-field theory is valid is discussed. In previous work, this
regime was taken to be where the external momentum was of order N_c which
precluded the study of differential cross sections in elastic scattering. Here
it is shown that the regime extends down to order N_c^{1/2} which includes the
higher end of the elastic regime. The prediction is that in the large N_c
limit, observables describable via mean-field theory are unchanged when the
spin and isospin of either nucleon are both flipped. This prediction is tested
for proton-proton and neutron-proton elastic scattering data and found to fail
badly. We argue that this failure can be traced to a lack of a clear separation
of scales between momentum of order N_c^{1/2} and N_c^1 when N_c is as small as
three. The situation is compounded by an anomalously low particle production
threshold due to approximate chiral symmetry.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Operator Ordering in Quantum Radiative Processes
In this work we reexamine quantum electrodynamics of atomic eletrons in the
Coulomb gauge in the dipole approximation and calculate the shift of atomic
energy levels in the context of Dalibard, Dupont-Roc and Cohen-Tannoudji (DDC)
formalism by considering the variation rates of physical observables. We then
analyze the physical interpretation of the ordering of operators in the dipole
approximation interaction Hamiltonian in terms of field fluctuations and
self-reaction of atomic eletrons, discussing the arbitrariness in the
statistical functions in second order bound-state perturbation theory.Comment: Latex file, 12 pages, no figures, includes PACS numbers and minor
changes in the text with the addition of a new sectio
An evaluation of the relative efficacy of an open airway, an oxygen reservoir and continuous positive airway pressure 5 cmH2O on the non-ventilated lung
Publisher's copy made available with the permission of the publisher © Australian Society of AnaesthetistsThe aim of this study, during one-lung ventilation, was to evaluate if oxygenation could be improved by use of a simple oxygen reservoir or application of 5 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to the non-ventilated lung compared with an open airway. Twenty-three patients with lung malignancy, undergoing thoracotomy requiring at least 60 minutes of one-lung ventilation before lung lobe excision, were studied. After routine induction and establishment of one-lung ventilation, the three treatments were applied in turn to the same patient in a sequence selected randomly. The first treatment was repeated as a fourth treatment and these results of the repeated treatment averaged to minimize the effect of slow changes. Arterial oxygenation was measured by an arterial blood gas 15 minutes after the application of each treatment. Twenty patients completed the study. Mean PaO2 (in mmHg) was 210.3 (SD 105.5) in the 'OPEN' treatment, 186.0 (SD 109.2) in the 'RESERVOIR' treatment, and 240.5 (SD 116.0) in the 'CPAP' treatment. This overall difference was not quite significant (P=0.058, paired ANOVA), but comparison of the pairs showed that there was a significant better oxygenation only with the CPAP compared to the reservoir treatments (t=2.52, P=0.021). While the effect on the surgical field was not apparent in most patients, in one patient surgery was impeded during CPAP. Our results show that the use of a reservoir does not give oxygenation better than an open tube, and is less effective than the use of CPAP 5 cmH2O on the non-ventilated lung during one-lung ventilation.J. Slimani, W. J. Russell, C. Jurisevichttp://www.aaic.net.au/Article.asp?D=200404
Infections in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Context: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a safe, common, and effective method of restoring stability to the knee after injury, but evolving techniques of reconstruction carry inherent risk. Infection after ACL reconstruction, while rare, carries a high morbidity potentially resulting in poor clinical outcome.
Evidence Acquisition: Data were obtained from previously published peer-reviewed literature through a search of the entire PubMed database (up to December 2012) as well as from textbook chapters.
Results: Treatment with culture-specific antibiotics and debridement with graft retention is generally more effective than graft removal, but with persistent infection consideration should be given to graft removal. Graft type likely has no effect on infection rates.
Conclusions: The early diagnosis of infection and appropriate treatment are necessary to avoid the complications of articular cartilage damage and arthrofibrosis
Stationary and Transient Work-Fluctuation Theorems for a Dragged Brownian Particle
Recently Wang et al. carried out a laboratory experiment, where a Brownian
particle was dragged through a fluid by a harmonic force with constant velocity
of its center. This experiment confirmed a theoretically predicted work related
integrated (I) Transient Fluctuation Theorem (ITFT), which gives an expression
for the ratio for the probability to find positive or negative values for the
fluctuations of the total work done on the system in a given time in a
transient state. The corresponding integrated stationary state fluctuation
theorem (ISSFT) was not observed. Using an overdamped Langevin equation and an
arbitrary motion for the center of the harmonic force, all quantities of
interest for these theorems and the corresponding non-integrated ones (TFT and
SSFT, resp.) are theoretically explicitly obtained in this paper. While the
(I)TFT is satisfied for all times, the (I)SSFT only holds asymptotically in
time. Suggestions for further experiments with arbitrary velocity of the
harmonic force and in which also the ISSFT could be observed, are given. In
addition, a non-trivial long-time relation between the ITFT and the ISSFT was
discovered, which could be observed experimentally, especially in the case of a
resonant circular motion of the center of the harmonic force.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
The large-N(c) nuclear potential puzzle
An analysis of the baryon-baryon potential from the point of view of
large-N(c) QCD is performed. A comparison is made between the N(c)-scaling
behavior directly obtained from an analysis at the quark-gluon level to the
N(c)-scaling of the potential for a generic hadronic field theory in which it
arises via meson exchanges and for which the parameters of the theory are given
by their canonical large-N(c) scaling behavior. The purpose of this comparison
is to use large-N(c) consistency to test the widespread view that the
interaction between nuclei arises from QCD through the exchange of mesons.
Although at the one- and two-meson exchange level the scaling rules for the
potential derived from the hadronic theory matches the quark-gluon level
prediction, at the three- and higher-meson exchange level a generic hadronic
theory yields a potential which scales with N(c) faster than that of the
quark-gluon theory.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 5 figure
Excited Baryon Decay Widths in Large N_c QCD
We study excited baryon decay widths in large N_c QCD. It was suggested
previously that some spin-flavor mixed-symmetric baryon states have strong
couplings of O(N_c^{-1/2}) to nucleons [implying narrow widths of O(1/N_c)], as
opposed to the generic expectation based on Witten's counting rules of an
O(N_c^0) coupling. The calculation obtaining these narrow widths was performed
in the context of a simple quark-shell model. This paper addresses the question
of whether the existence of such narrow states is a general property of large
N_c QCD. We show that a general large N_c QCD analysis does not predict such
narrow states; rather they are a consequence of the extreme simplicity of the
quark model.Comment: 9 page
Can multi-TeV (top and other) squarks be natural in gauge mediation?
We investigate whether multi-TeV (1-3 TeV) squarks can be natural in models
of gauge mediated SUSY breaking. The idea is that for some boundary condition
of the scalar (Higgs and stop) masses, the Higgs (mass), evaluated at the
renormalization scale GeV, is not very sensitive to (boundary
values of) the scalar masses (this has been called ``focussing'' in recent
literature). Then, the stop masses can be multi-TeV without leading to
fine-tuning in electroweak symmetry breaking. {\em Minimal} gauge mediation
does {\em not} lead to this focussing (for all values of and the
messenger scale): the (boundary value of) the Higgs mass is too small compared
to the stop masses. Also, in minimal gauge mediation, the gaugino masses are of
the same order as the scalar masses so that multi-TeV scalars implies multi-TeV
gauginos (especially gluino) leading to fine-tuning. We discuss ideas to {\em
increase} the Higgs mass relative to the stop masses (so that focussing can be
achieved) and also to {\em suppress} gaugino masses relative to scalar masses
(or to modify the gaugino mass relations) in {\em non-minimal} models of gauge
mediation -- then multi-TeV (top and other) squarks can be natural. Specific
models of gauge mediation which incorporate these ideas and thus have squarks
(and in some cases, the gluino) heavier than a TeV without resulting in
fine-tuning are also studied and their collider signals are contrasted with
those of other models which have multi-TeV squarks.Comment: LaTeX, 29 pages, 9 eps figures. Replacing an earlier version. In
version 3, some references and a minor comment have been added and typos have
been correcte
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