Evaluating Communication Campaigns

Summarizes presentations from a September 2007 conference on evaluating communication campaigns. Discusses the mechanism of effecting change through communication; the principles of advocacy evaluation; the design, methods, and tools; and lessons learned

Infectious Rhinotracheitis as It Appears in a Feeding Area

The increased incidence of infectious rhinotracheitis, red nose or rhinitis \u27is rapidly becoming a condition of major concern to the practicing veterinarian in a feeding area. It is primarily a respiratory infection involving the nasal passages, the larynx, and the trachea, with occasional extension into the bronchi. It was first observed to veterinarians in this northeast Nebraska area in the early 1950s. At that time the disease had not been identified and was considered to be an influenza-like condition which, due to the dusty yards, later developed into a diphtheria-pneumonia-like condition. In the fall of 1954 the incidence of this condition increased and its onset became more explosive, resulting in much more loss of gain and, in some instances, loss of cattle

Simple evaporimeter for timing trickle irrigation

DIFFERENCES in soil types and size of trees in orchards make it impossible to give a single recommendation for trickle irrigation running time. Daily running time for each situation can be simply and fairly accurately calculated from weekly readings of an easily constructed evaporimeter

Can inflation expectations be measured using commodity futures prices?

This paper reexamines the use of US commodity futures price data to show that the US deflation of 1929–1932 was at best no more than partially anticipated by economic actors. By focusing on the expected real interest rate, previous studies provide some empirical support for explanations of the Great Depression that are not exclusively monetary in nature. However, these studies did not consider the context and the market microstructures from which the data was sourced. Our analysis suggests that it is more likely that agricultural commodity markets adjusted to deflationary expectations by the end of 1930. Evidence from commodities futures markets, such as the Chicago Board of Trade, therefore should not be used to critique the Keynesian challenge to the classical monetarist explanation of the Great Depression

Low cost filter for trickle irrigation

CLEAR water is essential for a successful trickle irrigation scheme. Most water sources are not sufficiently clean and some form of filtration is necessary