The importance of oligosulfides in the attraction of fly pollinators to the brood-site deceptive species Jaborosa rotacea (Solanaceae).

Premise of research. Brood-site deceptive flowers use dishonest signals?especially floral odors that mimic oviposition substrates?to attract and deceive saprophilous insects to pollinate them. In this work, we recorded the pollinators of the sapromyiophilous species Jaborosa rotacea (Solanaceae) endemic to southern South America. Then, we characterized the floral volatiles of this species, and finally, we carried out field experiments to decouple the effects of scent and color as attractants for saprophilous flies. Methodology. We made direct observations of pollinators in a natural population of J. rotacea.We characterized floral volatiles by means of gas chromatography?mass spectrometry. Subsequently, we used a mixture of 2 oligosulfides (dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide), which our analyses revealed were the main constituents of the floral scent ofJ. rotacea, as baits to determine the attractiveness of this olfactory signal to flies in a geographical region whereJ. rotaceais not present. Finally, we used the same foul-scented baits in arrays of artificial flowers resembling those of J. rotacea to assess the dual importance of olfactory and visual cues in fly attraction. Pivotal results. Pollination of J. rotaceaoccurs when saprophilous flies belonging to the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae?with similar body dimensions to the anther-stigma distance in these flowers?acquire and deposit pollen in the flowers in a nototribic mode. Our chemical analyses revealed that J. rotacea floral scent is chemically simple and features 2 oligosulfide compounds (dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide) commonly found in carrion-mimicking flowers. We found that saprophilous flies belonging to the same families that we recorded as pollinators of J. rotaceain its native South American habitat were attracted to foul-scented baits in temperate North America. The flies? visitation frequencies (recorded as approaches and landings on the artificial flowers) depended significantly on the presence of the foul-scented baits. Conclusions. These results support the hypothesis that oligosulfides are universally effective signals by which deceptive flowers may effect pollen dispersal by attracting flies that use carrion or carnivore feces as brood sites. Keywords:brood-site deceptive flowers, Diptera, Jaborosa rotacea, oligosulfides, scent mimicry, Solanaceae.Fil: More, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina;Fil: Cocucci, Andrea Aristides. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina;Fil: Raguso, Robert A.. Cornell University; Estados Unidos de América

Zephyranthes mesochloa Herb. ex Lindl.

Sierra de Ancasti,entre el Alto y las Cañas (cerca de Villa San Antonio), por ruta nº 64. Bulbos coleccionados por A. T. Hunziker y cultivados en CórdobapublishedVersio

Exploring the ontogenetic scaling hypothesis during the diversification of pollination syndromes in <i>Caiophora</i> (Loasaceae, subfam. Loasoideae)

Phenotypic diversification of flowers is frequently attributed to selection by different functional groups of pollinators. During optimization of floral phenotype, developmental robustness to genetic and non-genetic perturbations is expected to limit the phenotypic space available for future evolutionary changes. Although adaptive divergence can occur without altering the basic developmental programme of the flower (ontogenetic scaling hypothesis), the rarity of reversion to ancestral states following adaptive radiations of pollination syndromes suggests that changes in the ancestral developmental programme of the flower are common during such evolutionary transitions. Evidence suggests that flower diversification into different pollination syndromes in the Loasoideae genus Caiophora took place during a recent adaptive radiation in the central Andes. This involved transitions from bee to hummingbird and small rodent pollination. The aim of this work was to examine if the adaptive radiation of pollination syndromes in Caiophora occurred through ontogenetic scaling or involved a departure from the ontogenetic pattern basal to this genus.Fil: Strelin, Marina Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Benitez-Vieyra, Santiago Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fornoni, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Klingenberg, Christian Peter. University of Manchester; Reino UnidoFil: Cocucci, Andrea Aristides. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Flower diversification across “pollinator climates”: Sensory aspects of corolla color evolution in the florally diverse south american genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae)

Flower phenotype may diverge within plant lineages when moving across “pollinator climates” (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Here we explored the potential importance of pollinators as drivers of floral color diversification in the nightshade genus Jaborosa, taking into account color perception capabilities of the actual pollinators (nocturnal hawkmoths vs. saprophilous flies) under a geographic perspective. We analyzed the association between transitions across environments and perceptual color axes using comparative methods. Our results revealed two major evolutionary themes in Jaborosa: (1) a “warm subtropical sphingophilous clade” composed of three hawkmoth-pollinated species found in humid lowland habitats, with large white flowers that clustered together in the visual space of a model hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) and a “cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade” composed of largely fly-pollinated species with small dark flowers found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe), that clustered together in the visual space of a model blowfly (Lucilia sp.) and a syrphid fly (Eristalis tenax). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants to colonize newly formed environments during Andean orogeny and the ecological changes that followed were concomitant with transitions in flower color as perceived by different pollinator functional groups. Our findings suggest that habitat and pollination mode are inextricably linked in the history of this South American plant lineage.Fil: Moré, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Drewniak, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Cocucci, Andrea Aristides. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Raguso, Robert A.. Cornell University; Estados Unido

Transmembrane transporters and salt tolerance in temperate japonica rice

Several investigations aimed at identifying molecular tools useful for the selection and/or the constitution of high-yield salt tolerant rice have been successfully carried out, concerning in particular indica and/ or tropical rice genotypes. Te global warming process is nowadays determining the intrusion of saline wedge into coastal fresh-water streams, and the soil salt concentration of many European rice areas, where temperate rice cultivars are mainly grown, is more and more increasing. In order to identify molecular markers and/or new loci related to salt tolerance, a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) has been carried out using a panel of 277 japonica rice accessions. Te panel has been subjected to Genotyping By Sequencing and phenotyping concerning tolerance to a mild-salt stress soil condition (5 dS m-1) expressed at the 4th-5th leaf developmental stage using the Standard Evaluation Score (SES) proposed by IRRI. On the basis of GWAS, a QTL including a few genes that in the indica rice genome are localized within the major salinity tolerance-related QTL \u2018SalTol\u2019 have been identified. Among them, the Os01g0337500 gene encoding the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase 6 (OsOVP6) is present. Since the role of the OsOVP6 activity is considered central in regulating the cellular Na+ homeostasis in both roots and leaves, investigations comparing some elements of the complex mechanisms involved in this process have been carried out. A physiological approach evaluating this possibility has been conducted in two japonica rice varieties (Galileo and Virgo) that resulted salt-tolerant, in one japonica rice variety (PL12) known to be quite salt-susceptible, and in the salt-tolerant indica inbred genotype FL478 (containing the \u2018SalTol\u2019 QTL) as reference genotype. Te root and shoot Na+/K+ ratio, Na+ influx and K+ efflux, H+ extrusion activity, cytosolic and vacuolar pH by in vivo 31P-NMR techniques were evaluated in roots of the four rice genotypes. Te results obtained, together with the electrophysiological evaluation of the whole root Na+ conductance, allow to define a picture that may explain the different salt tolerance observed among the rice genotypes analyzed. As a whole, these results confirm the interest towards a deep allele mining analysis, concerning OsOVP6, within the most significant members of the japonica rice accession panel under investigation

Solanaceae

Hierbas, subarbustos o arbustos, raro árboles, inermes o pocas veces armados. Indumento con pelos simples, diversamente ramificados, dendromorfos o estrella-dos, raro plantas glabras. Hojas alternas, simples, de lámina entera, lobada o aserrada hasta profundamente pinnatipartida, raro compuestas, pecíolo casi siempre, sin estípulas. Inflorescencias cimosas o racimosas, axilares o terminales, polimorfas, raro reducidas a una sola flor. Flores cíclicas, actinomorfas, a veces levemente zigomorfas, perfectas, excepcionalmente imperfectas por aborto de uno de sus ciclos fértiles, pentámeras. Cáliz tubuloso, campanulado o urceolado, gamosépalo, generalmente 5-lobado. Corola gamopétala, diversamente tubulosa o urceolada, hipocrateriforme, infundibuliforme, hasta rotada, con 5 lóbulos de prefloración valvar, valvar-induplicada, valvar-plicada, valvar-conduplicada, imbricada, imbricado-conduplicada, contorta o conduplicado-contorta. Estambres 5, generalmente libres entre sí, raro monadelfos por coalescencia; base de los filamentos soldada a la corola; anteras bitecas, basifijas, dorsifijas o ventrifijas, de dehiscencia longitudinal, a veces apical poricida, libres o levemente adnatas. Ovario súpero, raro semiínfero, por lo general sobre un disco nectarífero basal, 2-carpelar, 2-locular (a veces falsamente 4-locular, raro 3 ó 5-locular), óvulos 1-numerosos; estilo simple, desde corto hasta muy largo; estigma capitado o bilobado. Fruto baya, drupáceo con pirenos o cápsula. Semillas numerosas, aplanadas y lenticulares con testa foveolada y embrión curvado o anular, o bien semillas subglobosas, prismáticas o reniformes con embrión recto; endosperma abundante

Aristida adscensionis L.

Sierra de Pocho, Falda O, cerca de los túneles subiendo desde la llanura oeste, Ruta Nacional N° 20publishedVersio

Floral scent evolution in the genus jaborosa (Solanaceae): Influence of ecological and environmental factors

Floral scent is a key communication channel between plants and pollinators. However,the contributions of environment and phylogeny to floral scent composition remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized interspecific variation of floral scent composition in the genus Jaborosa Juss. (Solanaceae) and, using an ecological niche modelling approach (ENM), we assessed the environmental variables that exerted the strongest influence on floral scent variation, taking into account pollination mode and phylogenetic relationships. Our results indicate that two major evolutionary themes have emerged: (i) a ?warm Lowland Subtropical nectar-rewarding clade? with large white hawkmoth pollinated flowers that emit fragrances dominated by oxygenated aromatic or sesquiterpenoid volatiles, and (ii) a ?cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade? of largely fly-pollinated species found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe) that emit foul odors including cresol, indole and sulfuric volatiles. The joint consideration of floral scent profiles, pollination mode, and geoclimatic context helped us to disentangle the factors that shaped floral scent evolution across ?pollinator climates? (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants in the genus Jaborosa to colonize newly formed habitats during Andean orogeny was associated with striking transitions in flower scent composition that trigger specific odor-driven behaviors in nocturnal hawkmoths and saprophilous fly pollinators.Fil: More, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Soteras, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Dötterl, Stefan. Paris-lodron-university Of Salzburg; AustriaFil: Cocucci, Andrea Aristides. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Raguso, Robert A.. Cornell University, Dept. Of Neurobiology And Behavior; Estados Unido

Oenothera picensis Phil. subsp. cordobensis W. Dietr.

Cerro de Chaján, en las inmediaciones de la ruta nac. Nº 8, unos 10 km al este del límite con San LuispublishedVersio

Jarava pseudoichu (Caro) F. Rojas

Sierra de San Luis: San Martín, rumbo al Cerro BlancopublishedVersio